How to deal with the "rotten stick" of Lentinus edodes in high temperature

? 1. Analysis of the causes of "rotten sticks" in Lentinus edodes.

1. The relationship between "rotten stick" and temperature

Lentinus edodes is a kind of mushroom with low temperature and variable temperature. Temperature is one of the most active and important factors affecting the growth and development of Lentinus edodes. Generally speaking, the range of mycelium development of Lentinus edodes was 5: 32 ℃, the optimum temperature was 24: 27 ℃, the growth was poor below 10 ℃ and above 32 ℃, stopped growing at 35 ℃, and died above 38 ℃. The hyphae died after 40 minutes at higher temperature, such as in 45 ℃ culture medium. The "rotten stick" of Lentinus edodes usually occurs from the end of July to August. At this time, the stick is in the transition period of mycelium fullness and physiological maturity. However, the air temperature is often higher than 35 ℃. Because the temperature in the bag is about 3 ℃ higher than the air temperature, the mycelium is easy to die or its vitality is weakened, and it is easy to burn rotting sticks, and it is easy to be invaded by miscellaneous bacteria.

2. The relationship between "rotten stick" and variety

There are great differences in high temperature tolerance of mycelia of different Lentinus edodes varieties. For example, 135series strains belong to low temperature type, 939 (9015) and other strains belong to medium temperature type, Wuxiang 1 and other strains belong to high temperature type. There are great differences in their tolerance to high temperature. For example, our province suffered a rare continuous high temperature last year, and the situation of burning bacteria and rotten sticks was generally prominent, but the losses varied due to differences in cultivated varieties. For example, 939 varieties of Pleurotus ostreatus are used in Songyang County, and the burning rate is only 10%. 939 varieties of Pleurotus ostreatus were used in Panan county, and the burning rate was about 20%. While Yunhe, Longquan and other producing areas use 135 varieties of Pleurotus ostreatus, the burning rate is as high as 40%.

3. The relationship between "rotten stick" and the altitude at which bacteria are cultured in summer.

The summer performance of the same variety of Lentinus edodes cultivated at different elevations may be significantly different. This is mainly because the temperature decreases with the increase of altitude, so mushroom farmers should make rational use of natural resources. Mushroom farmers in high-altitude mountain areas can choose low-temperature Lentinus edodes varieties, while plain and low mountain areas should choose medium-temperature and high-temperature varieties.

4. The relationship between "rotten stick" and cultivation management.

The production of Lentinus edodes is related to water, nutrition, temperature, air, light, pH and other factors, and the occurrence of "rotten stick" is directly related to cultivation management. Although Lentinus edodes is a light-demanding fungus, it does not need light at all in the stage of mycelial vegetative growth. Strong direct sunlight can inhibit and kill the mycelium of Lentinus edodes. Therefore, the germ stage should do a good job of shading. Lentinus edodes is an aerobic fungus. During hypoxia, the hyphae maintain life temporarily by means of glycolysis, but consume a lot of nutrients, the hyphae are easy to senescence and die quickly, so the work of piercing holes and increasing oxygen should be done in time. High temperature in summer, Lentinus edodes mycelium will suffer from high temperature obstacles, the choice of bacteria location is good or bad, whether the measures are appropriate or not directly related to the success of cultivation. When the pile is scattered in time and the cooling measures are in place, the rotting rate of bacteria is very rare, while improper management often results in a large number of rotting sticks.

The meteorological department predicts that this year I will save plum a little earlier than in previous years and will enter the hot weather earlier. Lentinus edodes producing areas should pay attention to the problem of safe oversummer of Lentinus edodes sticks and take practical measures to strengthen the guidance of the management of Lentinus edodes sticks in summer in high temperature season so as to reduce the possible loss.

? Second, the countermeasures to reduce the "rotten stick" of bacterial sticks.

1. Do a good job of scattering and ostentation of bacterial sticks as soon as possible.

The mycelium of Lentinus edodes is very sensitive to external temperature, and the mycelium may die when the temperature is higher than 35 ℃. In principle, bacterial sticks should be carried out in indoor or outdoor places with good ventilation and heat dissipation before the high temperature season, and should be arranged during the low temperature period in the morning and evening. Indoor bulk bacterial sticks should be stacked in a "triangle" or "well shape", with a height of 3 to 5 stories, with ventilation between the piles. During the period of high temperature, it is strictly forbidden to turn the bacterial stick to prevent it from rising due to the respiration of vibrating mycelium. Special attention should be paid to the over-summer management of low-temperature and long-age "135" varieties in low altitude areas.

2. Advocate germicidal infection in outdoor shade shed.

Because of good ventilation and fast cooling, the outdoor shade shed can effectively reduce the occurrence of burning bacteria, which is a better way to pass the summer. The outdoor shading shed should be built on the shady side of the mountain, the top and all around should be shaded, covered with shade net or reflective film, but the roof can not be covered with ordinary plastic film, so as not to cause muggy bacteria in the shed, pumpkin, towel gourd and other climbing rattan crops can be planted around to improve the shading effect; the shade shed should be thickened and high, and bamboo branches and tree branches can be selected around to be surrounded by favorable ventilation materials to improve the ventilation effect. For the old mushroom shed, a comprehensive cleaning, insecticidal and sterilization work should be carried out before entering the shed.

In case of continuous high temperature weather, a rotating sprinkler can be installed on the roof to cool down after 4: 00 p.m. before 10:00, digging common trenches around the greenhouse and on both sides of the sidewalk in the greenhouse, and introducing "horse race water" to cool down. For those who do not use ditch irrigation to cool down, discharge to the lower layer of the shelf as far as possible.

3. Strengthen the management of indoor oversummer bacteria sticks.

Choose indoor over-summer, it is appropriate to send bacteria in the ground floor room with good ventilation and cool summer, in addition to evacuating the stacking density, we should also pay attention to increasing the shading facilities around the training room, such as setting up an Arbor and hanging a shade net. Doors and windows can be closed at noon and ventilated in the evening. In hot days, several water basins can be placed indoors, ventilated and cooled by fans, and the air relative humidity can be controlled at about 70%. Conditional water can also be sprayed on the tiles to cool down to avoid room temperature higher than 33 ℃ for a long time.

4. Stop the measures of bacterial stick piercing during high temperature.

During the period of high temperature, it is forbidden to take measures such as cutting bags and piercing air to prevent air from entering the interior of the stick, enhance the respiration of mycelium and increase the temperature of the pile. Piercing ventilation should be carried out when the weather is cool before high temperature, the amount of piercing can be increased or decreased according to the dry and wet of the material, the amount of piercing holes with high water content should be increased, and should be carried out in batches in the same room. The temperature rises rapidly after piercing. Ventilation and heat dissipation should be strengthened within 2-3 days to prevent hyphae from dying due to high temperature.

5. Do a good job in the treatment of contaminated bacteria sticks.

For the local rotten rod in the early stage, the rotting bacteria can be dug up to the healthy mycelium, and then coated with quicklime solution or fungicides with higher concentration to control the further expansion of the bacteria. For the sticks that have been fully burned, the bags can be broken as soon as possible for reuse. Lentinus edodes sticks can be made again in the plain area before the end of September, but varieties with short bacterial age should be selected, such as L66, L33 and so on. When using contaminated materials, we should use quicklime water to adjust the pH value, and to prolong the sterilization time, it is best to add new materials, which is conducive to bacteria.