Annual Management Technology of Strawberry in greenhouse

January, July to August

1. Disinfect the soil and apply more organic fertilizer. Solar energy is used for soil disinfection, 2000 kg of rotten farm manure is applied per mu, and the soil is sprayed with 48% Lesbon 800x liquid. After ploughing, the soil is sealed with a thin film for 10 days to kill underground pests. After opening the film, 100 kg of cake fertilizer, 30 kg of calcium superphosphate and 30 kg of 45% nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer were added. The amount of base fertilizer accounts for 70% of the total fertilizer application.

two。 Prepare the land to make beds. After disinfection, the soil is ploughed, raked flat and ridged. The general ridge height is 30 cm, the ridge surface width is 45 cm 50 cm, the ridge bottom width is 55 cm 60 cm, and the ditch bottom width is 30 cm.

Second, September

1. Colonization. The planting time is in the first and middle of September. Planting 2 rows in each row, "triangle" planting, row spacing 25 cm 30 cm, plant spacing 15 cm 20 cm. According to the variety growth potential to determine the density, generally planted 60008000 plants per mu. When planting, the old leaves, diseased leaves and stolons should be removed, leaving 3 leaves and 1 heart, and the bow back should be facing out of the border (furrow). The planting depth is appropriate, so that the deep is not immersed, the shallow does not show the root.

two。 Post-planting management. After planting, enough fixed root water was infused, and then irrigated with small water once or twice a day to prevent drought until the seedlings survived. In order to enter the flower bud differentiation period after returning to the seedling, we should strengthen the fertilizer and water management, control water and nitrogen, and prevent the seedling from growing. 10kg N, P and K compound fertilizer was applied per mu (the first time after the seedlings survived and loosened the soil, the second time before plastic film mulching) to promote flower bud differentiation. In addition, we should continue to do a good job in weeding, prevention and control of diseases and pests.

March, October to November

1. Cover with plastic film and plastic film. The temperature began to keep warm when the night temperature dropped to about 8 ℃, and the suitable period for cultivation of strawberry in greenhouse was promoted from late October to early November. Too early heat preservation, high indoor temperature, is not conducive to axillary flower bud differentiation; too late, plant dormancy, resulting in plant dwarfing, not conducive to normal results. EVA film and multi-functional drip-free film are suitable for greenhouse film. When the night temperature in the greenhouse is lower than 5 ℃, multi-layer covering and heat preservation shall be carried out. After plastic film mulching in greenhouse, plastic film mulching is generally carried out after topdressing at seedling stage (in the first and middle of November). Microdroppers or hoses are laid on the border surface and then mulched with plastic film. 0.03mm to 0.05mm black opaque polyethylene film is suitable for plastic film mulching.

two。 Indoor management

(1) temperature and humidity management. At the initial stage of heat preservation, the daytime temperature is generally controlled at 28 ℃ ~ 30 ℃; the night temperature is controlled at 12 ℃ ~ 15 ℃, with a minimum of 8 ℃; and the indoor humidity is controlled at 85% to 90%. During the flowering period, it is generally controlled at 22 ℃ ~ 25 ℃ during the day, with a maximum of not more than 28 ℃, and the temperature is too high or too low for pollination and fertilization; the night temperature should be about 10 ℃, the lowest temperature should not be lower than 8 ℃, and the night temperature should exceed 13 C, axillary flower buds degenerate and the development of pistil and stamens is blocked. It is appropriate to keep the indoor humidity at 50% to 60%. Too much or too little humidity will cause poor pollination, so even in the cold winter, during the day, when the temperature is high at noon, the film should be exposed for ventilation to reduce the humidity in the shed.

(2) Fertilizer and water management. After the strawberry in the greenhouse is kept warm, it is in the period of flower bud development, and then it will bud, blossom and bear fruit soon. After the apical inflorescence is harvested, the axillary inflorescences blossom and bear fruit again, and the plant bears a heavy burden. If it is not fertilized in time, it is easy to show premature senility. Topdressing was carried out at least 4 times, and was applied before flowering, fruit expansion, lateral inflorescence occurrence and lateral inflorescence fruiting, respectively, applying 45% nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer 10 kg per mu, and spraying 0.3% urea plus 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate liquid fertilizer on the leaf every 7-10 days.

The humidity in the shed is so high that it is easy to give the false impression that there is no shortage of water. Generally, it is watered once before heat preservation and before covering plastic film, and then combined with topdressing or replenishing water properly if the edge of the new leaf does not spit in the early morning. Greenhouse strawberries are especially suitable for drip irrigation. Special attention should be paid to keeping the soil moist during fruit development.

(3) spraying gibberellin. After the cultivation begins to keep warm, gibberellin treatment is carried out for the first time when 2 new leaves are unfolded and 30% of the buds appear, so as to promote the elongation of the flower stalk and facilitate pollination and fertilization. Each plant was sprayed with gibberellin 3ml / kg or 5mg / kg. Seven days later, the inflorescence elongation was treated again.

(4) plant arrangement. During the growing period, the leaves of each strawberry should be kept at 8: 10. Generally, in addition to the main buds, 1-2 lateral buds should be retained, and the excessive lateral buds should be broken as soon as possible. Disease and insect leaves, old leaves and stolons should be peeled off in time to ensure concentrated supply of nutrients to fruits. The young fruit should be thinned properly in the young fruit stage, and the young fruit above the fourth inflorescence of each inflorescence should be removed, mainly diseased fruit, small fruit and deformed fruit. Finally, there were 12 fruits in the first inflorescence, 8 fruits in the second inflorescence, and 20 fruits in each plant.

(5) strengthen the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests. During this period, high temperature and humidity in the shed, powdery mildew, gray mold, anthrax and so on are easy to occur, so prevention and control should be strengthened. Sulfur fumigant (50g sulfur per 180m2) can be fumigated at night, once every 7 days, or 4 tablets of 180m2 can be fumigated with "Yixunling" fumigant, or sprayed with 25% BG 800-1000 times liquid. The main pests are aphids, mites, etc., which can be trapped and killed by yellow glue plates, or sprayed with 1500 times of Avidar mites and 3000 times of imidacloprid, and underground pests can be controlled with 48% Lesbon 800 times solution.

(6) release bees for pollination. During the flowering period in late November, a box of bees was released in each standard shed (30 meters × 6 meters) to increase the pollination rate of strawberry flowers and reduce the production of abnormal fruits. The common method of artificial pollination is to apply it gently in the center of the flower with a soft brush, or to brush it gently on the inflorescence with a fine brush at the peak of flowering.