Winter management of grape in greenhouse

Pruning

① pruning period. The winter shearing period of grape cultivated in greenhouse should be carried out after the grape plant goes into deep dormancy after defoliation, which is usually completed from mid-December to the end of December, which affects its follow-up management too late.

② pruning method. The specific methods of pruning are determined according to the different types of cultivation, the characteristics of the varieties and the strength of the trees.

? Clear the garden for disinfection

① cleans the garden. After the grape pruning, remove all the dead branches and leaves in the garden and peel off the old skin on the trunk and main vine for centralized burning and deep burial to reduce the source of the disease.

② disinfection. The floor, scaffolding and plants in the garden were sprayed with Baume 2-3 degree stone sulfur mixture and 0.5% pentachlorophenol sodium. In the first ten days of February, the bud ball stage of the plant was repeatedly sprayed with 0.5% 1 degree stone sulfur mixture and 0.2% pentachlorophenol sodium to eradicate the source of the disease.

? Lime nitrogen treatment

The treatment of grape branches and buds with 15%-20% lime nitrogen solution after winter pruning in greenhouse can promote grape sprouting for 3-5 days and increase the germination rate by about 30%. Processing time: from the end of December to early January of the following year. It is best to choose a sunny day at noon (between 10:00 and 3 p.m.).

? Cover shed

The period of covering the greenhouse should be carried out appropriately according to the characteristics of different cultivated varieties. Varieties with short cooling capacity, such as Venus Seedless, Zaoyu and Ziyu (700-1000 hours), can cover the shed in the first ten days of January. Varieties with long cooling capacity, such as Fujiminori, Xiahei and Jingya (1100-1300 hours), can cover the greenhouse in the middle and late of January, and be completed by the end of January at the latest.

Fertilizer and water management

After covering the greenhouse, the grapes were filled with enough water in time, and the whole shed was closed. 15kg urea or 30kg ammonium bicarbonate plus 3kg boron fertilizer was applied to each mu one week before sprouting (from the end of January to early February), and then irrigated again. At the same time, the grape branches and buds were sprayed with 0.5% urea solution and 100 mg / L gibberellin to promote sprouting and improve the germination rate.

? Temperature and humidity management

① after covering the shed to before sprouting. The whole shed is closed, relatively keeping the high temperature and humidity in the shed, and the highest temperature is controlled below 35 ℃. Appropriate ventilation and cooling beyond the critical temperature; spray water on the grape vines when the humidity is less than 90% to increase the relative humidity.

② sprouted to the cashmere stage. The highest temperature is controlled below 30 ℃, and the lowest temperature is controlled above 5 ℃. Below the minimum critical temperature, heat preservation measures (such as double film mulching) should be taken, and the relative humidity should be controlled below 60%. If the humidity is too high, the plastic film can be covered in the protective row in the garden, which can not only reduce the humidity but also increase the ground temperature, and adjust the growth balance between the upper and lower parts. Xia Delong