Investigation on production cost and income of Platycodon grandiflorum in Lixing Town, Taihe, Anhui Province

I. basic situation of Platycodon grandiflorum production in Lixing Town

Lixing Town, Taihe County is located in the northwest of the county seat, at the junction of two provinces and three counties and cities (Anhui Province, Henan Province, Taihe County, Jieshou City and Dancheng County). The population of the town is 67000, cultivated land is 69000 mu, and the planting area of Platycodon grandiflorum is 60, 000 mu at its highest. Is the country's largest Chinese medicine Platycodon grandiflorum native production base and export base, Platycodon grandiflorum series products are exported to South Korea, Japan, the United States, Southeast Asia and more than ten countries and regions. At present, Lixing Town has initially formed a product management pattern of "leading enterprises + professional market + production base + farmers". There are more than 100 production and processing enterprises of Platycodon grandiflorum, and the foreign exchange earned from exports has reached 10 million US dollars.

Junong E purchase of traditional Chinese medicine professional market buys more than 100 stores along the street, with a daily trading volume of 50-70, 000 kg and a transaction volume of 20-300000 yuan. Li Xing Town is known as "the hometown of Platycodon grandiflorum in China".

II. Output, output value, production cost and income of Platycodon grandiflorum

Platycodon grandiflorum generally grows for two years, the average yield per mu (fresh Platycodon grandiflorum) is 1750 kg, the price is 3.60kg per kilogram, the sales amount is 6300 yuan; the price of 25kg seeds per mu (7.5kg in the first year and 17.5kg in the second year) is 35 yuan per kilogram, the sales amount is 875yuan, the output value per mu is 7175 yuan (6300 yuan + 875yuan), and the annual output value per mu is 3587.5 yuan.

In the first year, the cost per mu (material + labor) is 1305 yuan: 60 yuan for ploughing, 105yuan for seeds, 260yuan for chemical fertilizer (base fertilizer, urea, phosphate fertilizer, compound fertilizer), 100yuan for irrigating land when sowing, 30yuan for sowing, 180yuan for covering and opening wheat straw, 300yuan for weeding for 3 times, 120yuan for spraying for 4 times, and 150yuan for watering twice in summer.

In the second year, the cost per mu (material + labor) was 1267 yuan: 67 yuan for topdressing (27 yuan for urea and 40 yuan for labor), 200 yuan for weeding twice and 1000 yuan for excavation.

The total cost of the two years is 2572 yuan (1305 yuan + 1267 yuan), with an average annual cost of 1286 yuan. The rent of land is 900 yuan per mu per year. The annual net income per mu is 1401.5 yuan (3587.5 yuan-1286 yuan-900yuan).

III. Benefit comparison

The annual net income of planting Platycodon grandiflorum is 1401.5 yuan per mu, and the net income of planting wheat and corn per mu is about 1000 yuan. The net income per mu of planting Platycodon grandiflorum is 401.5 yuan higher than that of planting grain.

IV. Planting characteristics of Platycodon grandiflorum

First, planting Platycodon grandiflorum is convenient for management. After Platycodon grandiflorum is planted in the field, it only needs 2-3 times of grass, 2 times of watering and 3-4 times of medicine every year, and basically no other field management is needed. After a year of planting, it is easier to manage, planting Platycodon grandiflorum does not affect going out to work, working and farming is not wrong.

Second, the sales opportunity of Platycodon grandiflorum is flexible. Platycodon grandiflorum is generally harvested for 2 years, can also be harvested for 3 or 4 years, and can be harvested for 5 years at most, that is, it can be sold in the field, and growers can determine whether to harvest or not according to the price of the current year.

5. Existing problems and relevant suggestions

(1) there are problems

First, the market is fluctuating. In recent years, the market price of Platycodon grandiflorum has been fluctuating. The price of Platycodon grandiflorum was the highest in 2010, with 14 yuan per kilogram of Platycodon grandiflorum (fresh). Since then, it has gone down all the way to 3.60 yuan per kilogram, and the price of 2010 is nearly four times higher than the current price. According to the analysis of relevant industry insiders, due to the continuous decline in prices in recent years, its income is not much higher than that of growing grain, the acreage has decreased, output and inventory have also decreased, according to the law of price trend of Platycodon grandiflorum, its prices will rise in the last 1-2 years, but there will not be a sharp rise in prices.

Second, Platycodon grandiflorum planting is blind. In recent years, with the acceleration of land transfer, some people start to lease land with the mentality that the price of Platycodon grandiflorum will definitely rise in the future. At present, the area of Platycodon grandiflorum seed value still has the possibility to increase. However, the blindness of this kind of enhancement is relatively large, and it is easy to form "mass action", resulting in the phenomenon of low prices and bad mayors for several years.

(2) relevant proposals

First, the establishment of online information, real-time release of price information, so that growers timely grasp the market situation, effectively avoid planting risks.

The second is to strengthen communication with local drug manufacturers and make use of the advantages of medicinal material planting and price information mastered by local drug manufacturers to inform growers as soon as possible and guide growers to plant.

The third is to give risk tips to growers, so that growers can timely adjust their planting structure and plant more varieties with high efficiency and good sales, so as to ensure the steady growth of farmers' income.

(source: Taihe County Price Bureau)