High-yield planting techniques of Elsholtzia splendens

Mosla chinensis Maxim. or Mosla chinensis 'Jiangxiangru' of Labiatae. The former is known as "Qingxiangmo", and the latter is known as "Jiangxiangmo". Summer stems and leaves luxuriant, flowers when the choice of sunny harvest, remove impurities, dry. Elsholtzia was first recorded in "Famous Doctors Bielu" and listed as a middle grade. His nature is pungent and lukewarm. Return to lung and stomach meridians. It has the effects of sweating, relieving exterior syndrome, eliminating dampness and mediating middle energizer. It is mainly used for cold due to summer heat and dampness, fever due to aversion to cold, headache without sweat, abdominal pain, vomiting and diarrhea, edema, dysuria, etc. Elsholtzia chinensis mainly grows in Hunan, Guangxi, Guangdong, Fujian, Jiangxi, Sichuan and other places; Elsholtzia chinensis mainly grows in Fenyi, Yichun, Xinyu, Shanggao and Hangzhou, Zhejiang and other places. Elsholtzia prefers to grow in warm, moist, sunny, and rainy environments. So, how can Elsholtzia be planted efficiently and productively?

[Cultivation Technique]

1. Land selection and preparation

Elsholtzia elsholtzia has strong adaptability. It is suitable to plant sandy loam with loose texture, wind and sun, and good drainage. Red soil with loose texture on hilly slope can also be planted. Before planting, plough the soil first to make it fully weathered. According to the soil type and fertility status, apply decomposed manure or compost 2000~2500kg per mu as base fertilizer, deeply turn the land 15~20 cm and rake it finely. Generally, two plows and two harrows can be used, and then make a ridge 120~150cm wide and 12~15cm high. The ridge width is 25~30cm, and the ridge surface is turtle-shaped. Sprinkle 375~450kg calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer on the ridge surface per hectare, and then cover it with broken soil of the ridge.

II. Cultivation methods

1 Seed collection and seed treatment

Healthy plants without diseases are selected and kept until late September to early October, and harvested when seeds are fully mature. It is best to choose a sunny morning, harvest with dew, seeds are not easy to fall. Cut off the roots of the plucked plants, transport them back to the cement sunning field or drying mat until they are 80% dry, beat the ears with small sticks to make the seeds fall off, clean up impurities, dry them in the sun, store them in earthen pots, and place them in ventilated and dry places.

2 Sowing methods

The sowing time is suitable from late March to early and middle April, and summer sowing can be carried out in June. Sowing methods can be used in sowing, drilling or broadcast, with drilling as well, easy to manage. When sowing, mix the seeds with plant ash and choose sunny or cloudy days. The sowing shall be carried out according to the plant spacing of 3~5cm×3~5cm; the drilling shall be carried out according to the row spacing of 20~ 25cm, and the shallow ditch depth of 2cm shall be opened. The seeds shall be evenly sown in the ditch, and the density shall not be too large. After sowing, the seeds shall be slightly compressed to make the seeds close to the soil, so as to facilitate the emergence of seedlings. The sowing rate is 1.5~2 kg/mu. After sowing, cover with fine soil sifted by soil sieve mixed with plant ash or fire ash, about 1cm thick. After 1 - 2 weeks, seeds can sprout.

3. seedling management

After elsholtzia emergence, seedlings must be thinned in time, between dense and thin, between weak and strong. Generally, when the seedling height is about 5 cm, the first thinning is carried out, and then 2~3 times are carried out according to the growth condition. When the seedling height is 10cm, the seedling is fixed.

4. planting and management

(1)intertilled weeding

During the whole growth period of Elsholtzia, cultivate and weed 4~5 times. After emergence, pull out the grass in time. Pull out the grass as soon as it appears. Take pulling small and pulling out as the principle to prevent weeds from competing for nutrients with Elsholtzia. Be careful not to hurt the root system.

(2)fertilization

Elsholtzia has a short growth period, so topdressing should be applied in time, mainly in organic fertilizer, and pay attention to the combination of organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer, and strip application is better. On the basis of applying enough basal fertilizer, the first topdressing is carried out when the seedling height is 5~10cm, and urea is 75kg per hectare; the third topdressing is carried out before heading, and urea is 120~150kg per hectare, and is scattered on the surface of the ridge, or urea is dissolved in water and irrigated, and urea is 1~1.2 kg per 100kg of water. Later, depending on the growth status of seedlings, appropriate fertilizer application.

(3)irrigation and drainage

Elsholtzia likes wet, but afraid of root water. Young seedling moisture should not be too much, such as excessive rainfall, should be timely ditch drainage, to avoid ponding in the field. Elsholtzia elsholtzia flowers before and after the most water needs, in case of drought, should be appropriate irrigation to ensure adequate water supply.

[Pest Control]

I. Diseases

1. Root rot

Root rot occurs in roots and rhizomes. At the beginning of disease, brown patches appear in roots and root necks, which expand gradually, and taproot and stem base become black and brown. At the late stage of disease, the lower leaves of the plant shriveled and turned yellow and died, and developed upward. Pathogen Fusarium oxysporum belongs to the genus Fusarium. It overwinters as mycelium in the residue or soil, starts to develop in April, reaches its peak in May, and is reinfected by rain or irrigation water.

Prevention and control methods: adopt "prevention first, comprehensive control" measures. First of all, strengthen cultivation management, do a good job of clearing gardens in winter, eradicate weeds, burn or bury diseased leaves and weeds in a centralized manner to reduce bacterial sources. In rainy season, clear ditches and drain water to prevent ponding; remove diseased plants in time to prevent spread. Chemical control can be used 50% carbendazim 500 times spray control, spray once every 7~10 days, continuous spray 2~3 times; or 50% Tuijunte wettable powder 1000 times irrigation roots.

2. rust

The plant producing rust has round or oval leaf spots on which pale yellow urediospores are scattered and finally exposed in powder form.

Control method: spray 50% chlorhexidine WP 1000 times solution.

II. Pests

A small black cutworm (Agrotis ypsilon Rottemberg), belonging to the Lepidoptera, Noctuidae. The larvae damage the young leaves of Elsholtzia elsholtzia seedlings and bite them into pits, holes and notches. Larvae 3 instars after diving into the soil surface, biting off tender stems, so that seedlings wilted death, resulting in lack of seedlings. It can produce 6~7 generations a year, and it begins to appear in the middle and late February every year. There are two breeding peaks in the middle and late March and the first and middle April. The damage peak is from the late April to the first ten days of May. After the late June, the adults begin to emerge and gradually decrease in the field.

Control method: In the harm period of advanced larvae, check in the field in the morning, find new wilted or bitten seedlings, can be stripped open topsoil artificial killing larvae. At the young stage of larvae, 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate 1000 times and 90% trichlorfon crystal 800 times were sprayed with 75kg/mu of liquid medicine once every 7~10 days for 2~3 consecutive times. 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate 200mL/mu mixed with 30kg moist fine soil to make toxic soil, and spread it near the rhizosphere of seedlings in the evening along the ridge; or 90% crystalline trichlorfon 200g or 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate 200mL mixed with 5kg cottonseed cake to make poison bait, and the control effect is better.