High-efficiency and high-yield planting techniques of traditional Chinese medicine mustard seed

Mustard seed, also known as mustard seed, green vegetable seed, yellow mustard seed, white mustard seed, white mustard seed, is a cruciferous plant white mustard Sinapis alba L. Or Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. Et Coss. Dry mature seeds. The former is commonly called "white mustard seed", while the latter is commonly known as "yellow mustard seed". When the fruit is ripe in late summer and early autumn, the plants are harvested, dried, seeds are laid, and impurities are removed. Mustard seed is a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine. It was first published in the Records of famous doctors and listed as the top grade. Its taste is pungent and warm; it returns to the lung meridian. It has the effect of warming lung, eliminating phlegm and relieving qi, dispersing knot and dredging collaterals and relieving pain. it is mainly used for cold phlegm cough, chest distension pain, phlegm stagnation of meridians, joint numbness, pain, phlegm-dampness flow, gangrene and swelling, etc. Mustard seeds are widely distributed, among which white mustard seeds are mainly produced in Fuyang and Woyang of Anhui, Shangqiu, Xiayi and Xuchang of Henan, Jining and Heze of Shandong, Wanxian, Zhongjiang and Nanchong of Sichuan, Baoding, Chengde and Zhangjiakou of Hebei, Shiquan, Hanzhong, Luonan of Shaanxi, Jiashan and Jiaxing of Zhejiang, Enshi of Hubei and Yichang. Yellow mustard seeds are cultivated everywhere. Henan and Anhui have the largest output. In addition to medicinal use, mustard seed can also be used as spice condiment, belonging to both medicine and food. So, how to grow mustard seeds and what planting techniques need to be mastered in order to achieve high efficiency and high yield?

[cultivation techniques]

I. selection of land and land preparation

Mustard seeds are small, so it is necessary to flatten and refine the land, pick up weeds and rubbish, and achieve deep ditches and high beds for drainage and irrigation. The width of the border is generally 2.5m (continuous ditch).

II. Planting methods

1. Seed collection and seed treatment

Before sowing, soak the seeds in 15% salt water for 20min, or soak them in 30 ℃ warm water for 2 hours, then take them out, dry them slightly, double the fine soil, sow them with strips, cover the soil with 10cm, press them slightly, and water them.

two。 Sowing method

The sowing time of mustard is generally appropriate from 5 to 8 July, preferably a few days earlier than radish and Chinese cabbage or planted at the same time. Depending on the soil moisture to decide whether to sit water, 5 grains per grain, covering soil 3 cm, compacted above to facilitate seedling emergence. The seedlings emerged about 10-15 days after sowing.

III. Field management

1. Seedling stage management

When the seedlings grow to 3 ~ 4 leaves, 40 seedlings are left for each extended rice, the stacked seedlings are pulled out to make them loose, and the small, inferior and weak seedlings are pulled out; when the seedlings grow to 5 ~ 6 leaves, the seedlings can be fixed, one for each seedling, and the rest can be pulled out, and 27 seedlings can be left for each extended rice.

two。 Planting and management

Before and after the seedling is fixed, shovel in time, depending on the drought situation, decide the irrigation times, generally shovel 2 or 3 times is better.

[pest control]

I. Diseases

Downy mildew: mainly harmful leaves, diseased leaves on both sides, disease spots yellowish green or gradually turn yellow. Limited by leaf veins, it expands from subrounded to polygonal, 3mm in diameter. When the humidity is high, the white mold layer grows on the back of the leaf, that is, the cyst peduncle and sporangium of the pathogen, and the serious drying up of the leaves affects the yield and quality.

Prevention and control methods: select disease-resistant products; strengthen fertilizer and water management; ventilation between plants; spraying fungicides at the initial stage of the disease: 40% aluminum ethyl phosphate wettable powder 300 times; 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder 600 times liquid; 65% Dessen zinc wettable powder 500 times liquid; 58% Remicol manganese zinc wettable powder 600 times liquid; 80% spray gram wettable powder 500 times liquid. Spray once every 10 days, a total of 2 or 3 times.

II. Insect pests

Aphids: adult aphids and nymphs suck sap on the back of the leaves, causing discoloration spots and yellowing of the leaves in light cases; in severe cases, the leaves are curled, wrinkled and deformed, even can not bolting normally, and can spread virus disease. Generally, more than 10 generations occur every year, and there are two peaks in spring and autumn every year.

Control methods: (1) 20% Kangfuduo with water 3000 times, or 10% imidacloprid with water 1000 times spray control

(2) the following agents can also be used for control: 50% aphid pine EC to water 1000 times, 40% chrysanthemum EC or 40% chrysanthemum EC to water 1500 times 2000 times, 2.5% kungfu EC to water 2000 times, 20% methamphetamine EC to water 2000 times.

[harvesting and processing]

It is mature in late summer and early autumn when the pod changes from green to white and the beak is withered. Cut back the part of the ground, expose it, hit the seeds, remove the impurities, and then dry it until it is full and white.