How to plant chicory, a traditional Chinese medicine with rich nutrition and high medicinal value

Chicory is a common medicinal material of Uygur nationality. Chicory Cichorium glandulosum Boiss.et Huet or Cichorium intybus L, Compositae. The dry aboveground part or root of. Harvest the ground in summer and autumn or dig roots at the end of autumn to remove sediment and impurities and dry in the sun. Its taste slightly bitter, salty; cool; return to the liver, gallbladder, stomach meridian; with the effect of clearing the liver and promoting gallbladder, invigorating the stomach, diuresis and detumescence, mainly for damp-heat jaundice, stomachache, less food, edema, less urine and so on. Chicory is widely distributed, mainly produced in Shandong, Jiangxi, Northeast and North China, and introduced and cultivated in Sichuan (Chengdu) and Guangdong in China.

Original plant map of chicory

Chicory contains many nutrients. Chicory leaves are tender, succulent and nutritious, with a crude protein content of 22.87% in the foliage stage, 14.73% in the early flowering stage, an average protein content of 17%, and a crude protein yield of 250kg/ mu. Can regulate human endocrine disorders, but also improve gastrointestinal function, clear bowels, reduce fire and moisturize dryness, and enhance human immunity and other health effects. At the same time, rich potassium can effectively increase the oxygen supply to the brain and regulate heart rhythm. The most amazing thing is that chicory contains special ingredients, such as: chestnut tree glucoside, horse chestnut bark glucoside, etc., which have significant medicinal value for hypertension, hyperlipidemia and other diseases. As a traditional Chinese medicine with rich nutrition and high medicinal value, how to cultivate chicory plants? In this paper, the plant cultivation techniques and diseases and insect pests of chicory are introduced as follows.

[cultivation techniques]

I. selection of land and land preparation

Chicory is not strict with the soil and is resistant to salt and alkali, but it grows best in the soil with high fertility and pH 6. Because the chicory seed is small, the soil preparation before planting needs to be fine, the soil should be ploughed deeply, raked flat, make the soil layer loose, and trench drainage according to the topography to prevent water accumulation in the field. Chicory is a plant growing in summer, which can be cut more than 4 times a year, so a large amount of fertilizer is needed. Before sowing, sufficient fertilizer should be applied combined with soil preparation, generally applying rotten organic fertilizer 3000kg per mu, and then ploughing and raking to make fertilizer evenly distributed in the soil.

II. Planting methods

1. Seed collection and seed treatment

7-10 days before sowing, put the seeds in a cool and ventilated place for 1-2 days, which can increase the germination rate, but do not expose the seeds on the cement floor. In order to ensure the whole seedling, the germination rate of seeds should be determined before sowing. Generally imported chicory seeds have been treated with fungicides and can be sown dry (colored seeds are coated with pesticides and wash hands with soap after hand contact). If the seeds are collected by themselves or bred in China, the seeds can be soaked in cold water to remove the floating seeds. After the sunken full seeds come out of the water, they can be sown after drying and removing moisture.

two。 Sowing seeds

(1) sowing date

The seeds were sown from July 22 to August 5 in the south of Hebei Province, and the best sowing time was from July 25 to 28. The seeds were sown in eastern Hebei in mid-late July and in Zhangcheng in early June. Direct seeding needs 120g to 150g per mu. The precision sowing is used for raising seedlings in the hole plate, and the seed consumption per mu is 18g / mu, which is much less than that of direct seeding.

(2) preparation before sowing

20-25 days before sowing, the stubble of the previous stubble was broken with a rotary tiller, and the worse the better. Apply sufficient base fertilizer, 5000 kg of rotten high-quality barnyard manure, 30 kg of diammonium phosphate and 20 kg of potassium sulfate per mu. Deep ploughing and soil preparation, mechanical ploughing after sprinkling bottom fertilizer on the surface, ploughing to a depth of 25cm to 30cm, leveling the land and picking up the stubble. When sowing a single ridge, the ridge is ridged at a distance of 40 cm to 50 cm, with a ridge height of 15 cm to 17 cm; when sowing double ridges, the ridge is ridged at a distance of 80 cm to 90 cm, with a ridge height of 12 cm to 15 cm, and a ridge of 10 cm to 15 m long. Watering evenly, and can be irrigated by drought and waterlogged.

(3) sowing method

Live broadcast. Chicory is suitable for live broadcast. The method of direct seeding is ridging cultivation, with equal row spacing of 40 cm and sowing at the top of the ridge. Double-ridge sowing can sow seeds in large and small rows with a small row spacing of 30 cm. First draw a small trench 0.5 cm deep with a bamboo pole. Hold the seed in your hand, twist the seed into the ditch with two fingers, and gently push it flat with a hoe. Watering immediately after sowing, do not cross the ridge, do not over the top. Pour a water before emergence, and then pour a water to fix the plant after emergence. When chicory has 2 leaves, 3 leaves, the first seedling, 4 leaves, 5 leaves, the second seedling, get rid of the disease and weak seedlings, sparse properly. The seedlings were fixed with 9 leaves, 17 cm from the single-row sowing and 19 cm from the double-row sowing, leaving 8500-10000 seedlings per mu.

Raise seedlings. Seedling raising facilities can use small nutritious soil or burrow tray to raise seedlings. Select 288 hole seedling plate to raise seedlings, do not scatter the tuo, do not hurt the roots, and the survival rate is high. Seedling substrate. The local materials can be used as the substrate of disease-free garden soil. under suitable conditions, 2 parts of peat, 1 part of vermiculite, or 1 part of peat, waste mushroom material and vermiculite can be mixed. If 288-hole seedling plates are used, 4050 seedling plates are needed to grow chicory per mu, and 300 plates can be loaded per cubic meter of substrate. When preparing the substrate, 0.7 kg of compound fertilizer is added per cubic meter of substrate, or 0.5 kg of urea and 0.5 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate are used. Mix well with the substrate and fill it into a burrow plate. When sowing, put 1 seed in each hole, the depth is not more than 1 cm, cover it with a thin layer of vermiculite after sowing, and do not expose the seed after watering. Spray water after sowing, with water dripping from the bottom hole of the hole, and each grid of the disk should be clearly visible after watering. When the temperature is about 20 ℃, all the seedlings will emerge in 3-4 days, and the seedlings will be filled in time.

3. Seedling stage management

The seedling period is in the high temperature and rainy season, so the seedling land should be protected from rain and high temperature. If you raise seedlings in a greenhouse, you should spray water every day, and spray once in the morning and once in the evening during the high temperature period. When the seedlings have three leaves in one heart, they can be sprayed with water for 1 or 2 times, and can be sprayed with 0.3% urea and 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate. In about 20 days, the seedlings can be transplanted to the field when they have 3 or 4 true leaves.

4. Management after seedling fixing or transplanting

Water should be watered thoroughly when planting, slow seedling water should be watered once every 4-5 days after planting, and then be watered according to soil moisture. In the later stage of rosette, the root plant entered the expansion stage, topdressing 10 kg urea per mu, topdressing 1-2 times, and topdressing should be combined with watering. In order to control the growth of the aboveground part and promote the root expansion, the weeds were ploughed and weeded twice in time after planting or seedling fixing.