Planting techniques and methods of adzuki bean, a traditional Chinese medicine

Adzuki bean was first published in the Classic of Shennong Materia Medica and listed as middle grade. It is the dried mature seed of legume plant adzuki bean Vigna umbeuata Ohwi et Ohashi or red bean Vigna angutaris Ohwi et Ohashi. It has the effect of promoting diuresis and detoxification and expelling pus. It is mainly used for edema and fullness, beriberi edema, jaundice and red urine, rheumatic heat arthralgia, carbuncle sore poison, intestinal abscess and abdominal pain. Adzuki beans can be eaten whole, or used for cooking, porridge, and red bean soup. It is often used to make bean paste as stuffing, which is delicious. Adzuki bean is widely distributed in producing areas and widely cultivated all over the country.

Original plant map of adzuki bean

[ecological habits]

Adzuki bean has strong adaptability and low requirements for soil, so it can be planted in general farmland. It is better to be sunny, loose soil, medium fertility (too much fertilizer is easy to grow, less pods), not continuous cropping.

[cultivation techniques]

I. selection of land and land preparation

Adzuki bean is a leguminous crop, which is not strict to the soil, so it is suitable to use sandy loam soil with good drainage, water and fertilizer conservation and rich organic matter. Adzuki bean is not resistant to waterlogging and is more resistant to barren. Gramineous crops such as corn and wheat should be planted in the previous crop to avoid repeated stubble with leguminous crops, because repeated cropping can aggravate the disease, overgrow weeds, underdevelop root system, reduce root nodule, and reduce the yield and quality of adzuki bean. In order to avoid drug damage and unnecessary losses, it is necessary to select plots that have not used atrazine, sulfuron-methyl, trimethoprim, Pustilon and other long-acting pesticides last year. Adzuki bean arch soil ability is weak, to fine soil preparation, leveling rake broken, early spring top pulp ridging, timely suppression, to maintain soil moisture. Combined with the application of refined organic fertilizer 100~150kg, diammonium phosphate 150kg, potassium sulfate 50 kg per hectare, or potassium sulfate compound fertilizer content of 48% (of which N ∶ P ∶ K is 13 ∶ 23 ∶ 12 respectively) 250kg, fertilizer dosage can be increased or reduced according to soil fertility and actual production conditions, and one-time application of base fertilizer can be adopted to meet the nutritional needs of the whole growth period. In order to control root nematode disease, mole cricket and other underground pests and rodent damage, 5% parathion granules or 3% phoxim granules 10kg can be mixed evenly with the applied fertilizer and applied to the soil per hectare.

II. Planting methods

1. Seed collection and seed treatment

The selection of good varieties is the basis and key to obtain high yield of adzuki bean. Varieties with larger grains, early maturity and high yield, bright grain color, thin skin and high sand yield should be selected. Generally, you can choose to plant Dahongpao, Baoqinghong, British Red, Nanjing Red, Japanese variety Da Na Yan and so on. These varieties have good gloss, good quality, high yield and strong disease resistance. The seeds are selected manually to remove impurities and bad seeds so that the seeds can reach the standard of precision sowing. Sunny weather is selected for 2-3 days before sowing, and seed coating agent is used for seed coating before sowing. Shilin Shen mixed seed king can be selected, the proportion of medicine is 1 ∶ 50: 60, and the seeds are sown after drying.

two。 Sowing method

Adzuki bean is a temperature-loving crop, the lowest temperature for germination is 8 ℃, and the optimum temperature for germination is 14 ℃ ~ 18 ℃, so sowing should not be premature. The soil temperature for field sowing should be more than 15 ℃, and the suitable sowing time is from late May to early June. Ridge cultivation, ridge distance 65cm, plant distance 10~15cm. Sow 45~60kg/ ha, sow strips on ridges, sow deep 3~4cm, and suppress in time after sowing.

3. Seedling stage management

After the emergence of the seedlings and the time seedlings, the seedlings were fixed in the first compound leaf stage. It is necessary to keep strong seedlings, big seedlings, and pull out weak seedlings. After emergence, combined with inter-seedling shoveling for the first time, it should be deep and less soil, so as to prevent seedling pressure, which is helpful to improve the ground temperature. The second intertillage was carried out about 10 days after the first shovel. Weeding is combined with weeding to cultivate soil before flowering. Pull up the big grass once in the later stage.

4. Planting and management

In the early flowering stage of adzuki bean, potassium dihydrogen phosphate (3kg), strong multi-dimensional rooting and strong seedling agent 24 bags (25g per bag) and high energy peptide 24 bags (6g per bag) were sprayed on the leaves of adzuki bean. The weight of the solution was about 500kg, which could promote flower bud differentiation and increase seed setting rate of adzuki bean. In the flowering stage of adzuki bean, according to the growth of adzuki bean, plant nutrition regulators such as KmurD-plant immune protein, green wild god and CP-PO- plant lesion cell repair transfer factor were sprayed to promote adzuki bean plant growth, increase yield, good grain color and improve commodity quality.

The chemical weeding technology can be used to save labor and labor, and herbicides such as Jingshiaoke, Jing Gao Ke, Huwei, Gai Cao Neng, Najiaojing and Jingquineng can be selected to kill weeds. The specific usage is carried out according to the instructions and local application practice.

Adzuki bean root nematode disease, root rot, downy mildew, virus disease, aphids, red spiders and other diseases and insect pests are more serious. Virus disease can be treated with morphine ·copper acetate 800g/ ha, 0.5% lentinan water agent 40g/ ha, or Norlick, virus A, high-quality fungicidal star, etc. Root rot can be treated with 500~800g/ ha and CPPO- plant lesion cell repair transfer factor 200~400g/ ha, water 450~500kg is mixed and foliar spray is carried out. Downy mildew can be controlled by fungal bacteria, 60% wettable powder, agricultural streptomycin, carbendazim and so on. Aphids and red spiders were promptly treated with 5% acetamiprid, 4% sword killing, Spider Light 2, 40% omethoate and so on.

[pest control]

I. Diseases

1. Root nematode disease

Root nematode disease is a disease caused by nematodes. After nematode parasitism, the root function was destroyed, which weakened and yellowed the aboveground growth of the plant, and affected the yield. It mainly harms the leaves, buds and flowers of host plants, causing leaf yellowing, deciduous leaves, leaflets or leaf deformities. The heart bud suffers the withered heart or hollow, and the flower rot often occurs when it blossoms. The root is swollen and deformed in the shape of a chicken claw, the root tissue becomes black and rotten, and some roots produce globular root knots.

Prevention and control methods: pre-parturient fumigation agents are the main, according to the specific situation to choose one of the following measures to deal with. Select isothiocyanates, 98% methylene dithiocyanate 10kg / mu, or 20% lycopene suspension 25g / mu, or 35% verapamil 100ml / m2, chloropicrin solution 40g / m2, or 1min 3-dichloropropene solution 10g / mu, or dimethyl disulfide 40kg / mu, or methyl iodide 20g / m2. Mixed fumigation, mixed with chloropicrin and other fumigants, has a good comprehensive control effect on many kinds of soil-borne diseases and pests represented by root-knot nematode, such as chloropicrin + 1-dichloropropene (1 ∶ 2-dichloropropene), chloropicrin + dimethyl disulfide (1 ∶ 1), chloropicrin + methyl iodide (2 ∶ 1-3 ∶ 1). Under normal circumstances, do a good job of prenatal chemical fumigation treatment, there is no need for control throughout the growing season. Chemical fumigation treatment should be carried out in strict accordance with the instructions. The planting period is mainly non-fumigating agents, and one of the following measures can be selected according to the specific conditions. Choose 10% thiazophos granules 2 kg / mu soil evenly spread, or 1.5 kg / mu soil concentrated application (refers to ditch application or hole application).