How is the Reed root, which is used as both medicinal and papermaking raw materials, planted?

Phragmites communis Trin. is a fresh or dried rhizome of Phragmites communis Trin. All year round can be dug, remove buds, fibrous roots and membranous leaves, fresh or dried. It was originally recorded in Bielu and classified as inferior. It tastes sweet and cold. Return to lung and stomach meridians. Clearing heat and purging fire, promoting salivation and quenching thirst, removing annoyance, stopping vomiting and diuresis. It is mainly used for fever, polydipsia, cough due to lung heat, putrefaction due to lung carbuncle, vomiting due to stomach heat, pain due to heat and stranguria, etc. It is a dual-purpose medicinal material. Reed roots are grown all over the country. The original plant Phragmites australis grows in rivers, lakes, ponds, ditches and low wetlands. It is a polytypic species widely distributed in the world. Except for forest habitats, it often forms contiguous Phragmites australis communities with its rapid expansion of reproductive ability in various open areas with water sources. Its stalk is used as raw material for papermaking or as mat weaving curtain and shed building material, its stem and leaf are used as feed when they are tender; its rhizome is used for medicine and is a pioneer environmental protection plant for solid embankment and land construction. So, can be used as medicinal and can be used as raw materials for paper reed is how to grow it? What pests do you need to guard against?

(i) Cultivation techniques

1. Land selection and preparation

Nursery land should be selected in flat terrain, irrigation and drainage convenient, convenient transportation, low salt content of soil, no weeds, no bacteria plot, deep ploughing, soil preparation for bed, bed and bed to build a ditch, convenient irrigation and management, apply organic fertilizer 15 tons/hectare and soil fully mixed rake flat.

2. Cultivation methods

2.1. Seed collection and seed treatment

Dry and chop the reed ears collected in the previous year.

2.2. sowing method

In the middle of May, when the temperature reaches above 10℃, sowing begins with a seeding rate of 75kg/ha. Before sowing, the seedling field is irrigated and soaked, drained after 2 days, and evenly sown after the soil is in a wet state, and the seeds are patted into the soil.

2.3. transplanting

When the local conditions are better, reeds can be transplanted in the field after tillers appear in July and August, or when the temperature reaches 5℃ in the spring of the next year. When transplanting, irrigating the transplanting field to keep the soil moist state, raising reed seedlings (before germination) from the seedling field, planting according to the plant spacing of 1m * 1m, 3 - 5 plants per hole, when the seedling height reaches 30cm, strengthening irrigation, keeping the water layer 5 cm, deepening the water layer with growth, the deepest depth is not more than 50cm, and the height of the current year can reach 1.5 - 2.0 m.

3. Field management

3.1. seedling management

After emergence, strengthen irrigation management, irrigation depth can not submerge reed seedlings, when the seedling height reaches 5cm, thinning seedlings, seedling spacing 2cm, with the growth of seedlings, timely thinning and weeding, and strengthen irrigation and fertilization, to seedling height 20cm, seedling spacing up to 6cm.

3.2. field management

3.2.1. water conservancy project construction

According to the growth characteristics of reed, supporting water conservancy engineering facilities shall be built in the field, including water pumping station, irrigation, drainage, bridge, culvert and other supporting systems. According to the terrain and landform of the field, the project control area shall be between 33.3 and 66.7 hectares, so as to achieve rapid irrigation and drainage.

3.2.2. moisture management

Reed is an emergent plant and needs more water supply throughout its life. The results showed that the physiological water requirement of Phragmites australis was about 700m3 during its life. The irrigation system of "shallow in spring, deep in summer and dry in autumn" was studied in reed irrigation, that is, shallow water was irrigated before reed germination in spring to accelerate soil thawing, increase ground temperature, promote reed germination, drain water after soil thawing, keep soil moist, and irrigate shallow water 5 cm after reed germination and growth. After the middle of May, reed enters the peak growth period, the growth speed accelerates, and the water demand increases. Therefore, deep water irrigation should be adopted, and the water layer should be maintained at 30~50cm. After the middle of August, Phragmites australis enters reproductive growth period, water requirement decreases, soil drainage is carried out to keep soil moist, promote Phragmites australis maturity and autumn bud development.

3.2.3. rational fertilization

Phragmites australis is an economic plant mainly based on production stems, which needs more nutrition supply in its life. Rational fertilization and keeping comprehensive balance of soil nutrition are important factors for growth and yield improvement of Phragmites australis. Therefore, fertilization was carried out in the middle and late May when reed entered its peak growth period. The fertilizer varieties were mainly nitrogen, combined with phosphorus and potassium, and the fertilizer application rate was generally 300~375kg/hm2. Attention should be paid to the following matters when fertilizing: first, the focus of fertilization should be on medium and low yield reed fields, because medium and low yield reed fields have great potential for yield increase, and fertilizer is easy to play a role; second, reed field fertilization and farmland fertilization have great differences, so the nature of reed fields must be considered, and good engineering facilities and the best irrigation system must be equipped to make water and fertilizer absorbed by reeds after integration; third, soil salinity and grass damage should be reduced first to avoid fertilizer loss; Fourth, before fertilization, soil analysis should be carried out on the fertilized plot, and soil testing and fertilization methods should be adopted to reduce fertilizer waste.

(ii) Pest control

1. Grass damage

Weeds such as cattail grass, narrow leaf cattail grass and Carex grass

Control methods: scientific control should be carried out according to different grass varieties and their biological characteristics. First, biological control and chemical control methods can be combined, in which 2,4-D butyl ester can be sprayed in spring, and irrigation to achieve the elimination effect. Second, the occurrence of grass damage should be investigated, and the key occurrence plots should be controlled by spot. Third, when spraying pesticides, attention should be paid to preventing phytotoxicity to surrounding plants and reeds.

The plant has strong resistance and few diseases, such as disease prevention and control methods like rice.

2. Pests

Aphids: The season of serious occurrence is generally between June and July. The main harm mode is to suck reed leaf juice, reduce plant nutrition, and secrete nectar on the leaves, affecting photosynthesis and causing the leaves to wither. According to the investigation, aphid occurrence year can reduce reed yield by 10~15%. The color of reed damaged by aphid is black during harvest period, and the fiber content and quality of stem are obviously reduced, which directly affects the pulping rate and quality.