How are the green fruits, which are used for medicine and oil extraction, planted

Green fruit is Canarzum album Raeusch of olive family. The dried ripe fruit is harvested and dried when the fruit is ripe in autumn. Green fruit sweet, sour, flat; return to the lung and stomach meridian. It has the effect of clearing heat and detoxification, promoting pharynx and promoting fluid. It is mainly used for swollen and sore throat, cough and sputum stickiness, irritation and thirst, fish and crab poisoning and other diseases. It belongs to both medicine and food.

Green fruit is native to China and can be eaten or processed. It is a famous subtropical fruit tree. Qingguo, a specialty of Fuzhou, was listed as a tribute as early as the Tang Dynasty. At the beginning of eating Fuzhou green fruit, it will be bitter and astringent, but after the aftertaste, it feels fragrant and sweet. The producing areas of green fruits in Fuzhou are mainly distributed on both sides of the lower reaches of the Minjiang River, with the highest yields in Minhou and Minqing counties. Fujian Province is the province with the largest distribution of green fruits in China, and it is also cultivated in Guangdong, Guangxi, Taiwan, Sichuan, Zhejiang and other provinces. Olive trees are good windbreaks and street trees. Wood can be used for shipbuilding, sleepers, furniture, agricultural tools and construction materials. The fruit can be eaten raw or soaked; it can be used medicinally to treat laryngitis, hemoptysis, thirst, enteritis and diarrhea. Nuclear for carving, and medicinal, for the treatment of fish bone and throat. Kernels are edible and can also be used to extract oil, which is used to make soap or lubricating oil. So, how are the green fruits that can be used as medicine and oil pressed by planting? The introduction is as follows.

(1) growth habits of green fruits

Olives are warm and afraid of frost. They can be planted in areas with an annual average temperature of more than 19.6 ℃, an annual effective accumulated temperature of more than 6450 ℃ for ≥ 10 ℃, a daily extreme temperature of-3 ℃ for no more than 3 hours and continuous days for less than 3 days. From the alluvial soil along the river to the red-yellow loam in hilly and mountainous areas, as long as the soil layer is deep, the pH value of 5.0-6.5 is suitable for olive tree growth, but wet, clayey, saline-alkali soil is not suitable for planting. The main root of olive is well developed and has strong drought resistance, but it is afraid of waterlogging and avoid stagnant water. Annual rainfall can grow in areas above 1200mm.

(2) cultivation techniques

1. Land selection and preparation

Olive trees can be planted on slopes of red and yellow soil and alluvial lands along rivers, and it is better to plant olive trees in deeper and fertile sandy soil. The average annual temperature is about 20 ℃, the lowest temperature is not less than-2 ℃, and the altitude is below 200m. Avoid building gardens in places where typhoons and hailstones often occur. In order to build a garden far away from the places with serious discharge of "waste water, waste gas and waste residue", we should generally be away from 3km, avoid low-lying land in the plain area, choose south or southeast gentle slope land with a slope of less than 25 °, and avoid closed mountain nests formed by strong sunshine in the west (easy to drought, sunburn), tuyere and frost. Two months before planting in the flat orchard, the 1m3 hole was dug and filled with rice straw 50kg, organic fertilizer 50kg, lime 1.5kg, calcium superphosphate 0.5kg and topsoil. The heave pier height was about 0.5m, and then planted after the cave soil was settled. The hilly orchard has a contour terrace with a gentle slope, with a width of 3m to 5m, a slope of no more than 5 °, an inner slope and a drainage ditch with a depth of 20~30cm and a width of 30mm and 40 cm. Digging fish scale pits or blasting holes with large slope and complex terrain.

2. Planting method

2.1. Seed collection and seed treatment

Olives are propagated by sowing or transplanting with soil balls. There are two colonization methods: big seedlings and nutrition bag seedlings. After 3-4 years or even 6-7 years of cultivation, the big seedlings of 4~5cm with diameter were planted before and after the Beginning of Summer. One week before seedling emergence, the seedlings were cut at a distance of 1m to 1.5m above the ground. After the wound healed, the seedlings were raised with soil as far as possible, wrapped with straw rope, the lateral and fibrous roots were preserved as much as possible, the main root was left 40~50cm, the wound was baked with loose open fire (not directly burned with open fire), and all the trunk above the ground was wrapped with grass rope to prevent water loss after planting.

2.2. Planting method

The planting time of olive trees can be divided into two types: spring planting from March to April and autumn planting in mid-late October. The planting density is 5 × 6 m × 5 m ~ 2, planting 15 ~ 25 plants in 667m ~ 2, the flat land is thinner, the hills are denser, and the dwarf olives can be denser appropriately. When planting with large seedlings, put the main root vertically into the hole, the lateral and fibrous roots spread out according to their natural direction, fill them with fine topsoil, and then cover them with 3~5cm thick fine soil or weeds, and pour enough water into the fixed roots. The nutrition bag seedling planting is to put the nutrition bag seedlings vertically into the hole, peel off the plastic bag, take off 1 blade, 3 leaves and 1 leaf, pile soil layer by layer, pour enough water to fix roots, and cover the tree plate with weeds. The suitable planting depth is 6~8cm at the junction of green and yellow.

2.3. Seedling stage management

After the olive trees are planted, they should be often watered on sunny days to keep the soil moist until they survive; when the seedlings die, they should be replanted in time. According to the experiment, the survival rate of planting could be significantly improved by using 20mg kg-1-naphthylacetic acid or 50 ~ 100mg kg-1ABT3 rooting powder 200ml per plant.

2.4. Planting and management

2.4.1. Soil management

Hole expansion and soil improvement: general planting can only meet the growth needs of olive roots for 3 years. After 3 years, holes should be expanded to improve soil, first among plants, and then in the whole garden. The hole expansion zone between plants should be dug 1m deep and 2m wide. After 1-2 months of sun and rain, the dug soil was backfilled with Reed, weeds, organic fertilizer, calcium superphosphate, lime and cake fertilizer. The investment of expanding holes and improving soil is high, in order to reduce the cost, blasting to improve soil is worth popularizing: using mine drill to press 4 m × 1.5 m density, vertical drilling 1.2 m deep, adding 300g explosive, and then adding compound fertilizer 500g / 700g to cover soil, detonating.

Deep turn to improve soil: generally once a year, carried out in winter, depth 25~30cm, the original soil face down, heart soil up, the soil is not broken, can be sprinkled with some lime. It can be turned over deeply in the whole garden or every other line.

Cover: in the high temperature and drought season, cover 20cm thick weeds or straw, rise and fall the role of temperature, moisturizing and grass suppression, the mulch can be buried in winter.

Intermediate ploughing and weeding: generally from June to August every year, combined with weeding, the soil block of the whole garden is turned over and the soil is ploughed 10~15cm, with the soil facing down and the core soil facing up. In other periods, herbicides such as glyphosate were used to control weeds.

The method of growing grass is to sow grass seeds artificially and let the whole garden grow grass, which can prevent soil erosion and erosion, improve soil aggregate structure, cool down in summer and keep warm in winter. The main grass species are Indian cowpea, Pinto peanut, feather leaf cassia, orchard leaf cassia and so on.