The planting method of traditional Chinese medicine Fructus chebulae has great market use.

The original name of chebula chestnut is chestnut, which is used as a plant of family Terminalia chebula Retz. Or chestnut (T.chebulaRetz.var.tomentella Kurt.) The dried ripe fruit. Started in the Tang Dynasty "Tang Materia Medica", the young fruit is also used medicinally, the commodity is called Xiqingguo, also known as Tibetan Qingguo. It tastes bitter, sour, astringent and flat. Return to the lung and large intestine meridians. It has the effect of astringent intestines and lung, reducing fire and promoting pharynx. It is used for long diarrhea and dysentery, hematochezia and prolapse of anus, lung deficiency and wheezing cough, persistent cough, sore throat and so on. Chestnut is mainly distributed in Yunnan, Guangdong, Guangxi and other provinces and regions; fluffy chebula is mainly produced in Yunnan Yongde, town, Longling and other places. Mostly wild, but also a small amount of cultivation, Guangzhou suburbs of Guangdong and Zengcheng County. There are also a few family species in Yong County, Nanning City, Guangxi.

Chebula has a good market in China. With a long history of medicine, it is not only used in formula, but also one of the raw materials for the production of proprietary Chinese medicine; in addition to medicine, it is also the raw material for health food and industrial leather. Preserved chebula fruit health food, its sweet and sour taste, fragrance and delicious, both medicine and food, very popular in the market. The skin of chebula chestnut contains tannin, which is an ideal raw material for leather. The softness of thick leather made from pericarp is better than that of leather made from baking gum. Tree trunks are also high-quality building materials. Chebula chebula has great potential for production. There are many suitable planting areas in Yunnan and Guangdong, which are easy to grow, both sexual and asexual reproduction, low production cost, few gardeners, and the masses are willing to plant them. As long as the policies are right and the measures are appropriate, there are great prospects for development. As an economic and practical medicine, Fructus chebulae has a good prospect for development, so how is the planting method of Fructus chebulae planted? What key points of cultivation techniques need to be mastered? Now I would like to introduce the planting techniques of Fructus chebulae to you.

(1) selection of land and land preparation

The nursery land should be sunny, well drained, sandy loam, forest podzolic soil and alluvial soil near water source. Pick up all the stones and weeds, rake deeply and then make the border. The width and length of the border depends on the topography. The topsoil layer of the border is evenly mixed with Gaza, ready for use.

The transplant site should choose sunny sparse forest slopes, hills, front and back houses, and garden land. The soil should be sandy loam, humus soil, forest ash soil and alluvial soil, which are fertile and loose, deep and well drained. After selecting the land, it is necessary to root out the surrounding weeds and dig holes, which depend on the size of the seedlings, generally 40-50 cm wide and 30-40 cm deep, and the bottom of the hole is fully mature farm manure as base fertilizer.

(2) planting methods

1. Sexual reproduction and selection: there are more varieties of chebula chebula, and there is a great difference in fruit shape and size. Guangdong is divided into big chestnut and small chebula (also known as Yuhe). The fruit of chestnut is oval, the five edges are obvious, the fruit is large and the meat is thin; the fruit of small chebula is oval, the edge is not obvious, the fruit is small, the meat is thick, and the quality is good, so it can be used as seed. Yunnan chebula commodity is divided into long fruit shape and round fruit shape. Long fruit-shaped dried pericarp wrinkled, showing 5-6 edges, good quality, mostly selected from this kind of mother plant for seed use. Select strong growth, high yield, good quality, about 20 years old, pick large, full-ripe yellow fruit in winter as seeds. Remove the pulp, gently cut it from the middle of the seed shell with a sharp knife, take out the kernel and promote the bud slightly.

Sprouting: choose Xiangyang and Gaozaoping near the water source, spread clean sand at the bottom, put the seeds evenly on the sand surface, cover with a layer of fine sand, and then put a layer of seed kernels, so as to put 5-8 layers, cover the top layer with fine sand 4-5 cm, drench until the sand layer is completely wet, and then cover with plastic film. It can germinate in about 5 or 6 days from February to March. The germination rate is generally about 60-80%. The higher the temperature, the faster the germination. The seeds can be sown when a large number of seeds germinate.

Sowing: on demand. Furrow on the border, according to the row spacing of 30 cm, plant spacing of 25 cm, put a seed, cover the soil 3-4 cm, and then cover the border with straw to keep moist, to facilitate germination. In the dry season, pay attention to shade, watering frequently, keep the seedbed moist. About 10 days after sowing, seedlings emerge one after another. 6-7 thousand seedlings can be raised per mu.

Planting: raise seedlings for 2-3 years, when the height of seedlings is about 1 meter, set the value according to the row spacing of 10-13 meters.

Seed propagation has the advantages of late fruit, low yield and poor quality, so it is generally not used in production.

2. There are two kinds of asexual reproduction: grafting and root tiller propagation. Grafting is the main production area. The rootstock used for grafting is the seed propagation mu, and the scion is the robust branch of the high-yield mother tree at the peak fruiting stage. Grafting methods include wedge grafting (also known as branch grafting) and bud grafting. Wedge grafting: on the young tree planted for about 3 years, cut the stem 10 cm thick, cut the cross section 10-15 cm deep with a sharp knife, cut the scion of the fine variety (1.5-3 cm thick) into a wedge-shaped shape (such as V-shaped) and insert it into the crack of the longitudinal rupture, so that the cambium is firmly fastened, the interface is applied with wax, and then wrapped with plastic film to ensure survival. The buds can be healed in about 30 days after grafting from March to April.

Bud grafting: one-year-old seedlings can be carried out as high as 1 meter. Cut the ducktongue-shaped buds from the bud strips of excellent varieties, carefully peel off the xylem, cut a slightly larger cortex on the rootstock, peel off the skin, attach it, and tie it tightly with plastic film from the bottom to the upward. be careful not to press the bud head, and the survival rate can reach about 86%. The bud grafted seedlings grow rapidly and can be as high as 3 meters at the age of 2 years.

Root tillering and planting: after chebula is cut down, a large number of new buds sprout from the roots. Using these new buds, they can be transplanted or propagated naturally.

(3) Field management

1. After setting up a shed out of an acre, the covering grass should be removed in time, and a shade shed should be set up to keep the shade degree at about 30%.

2. When the height of fertilizing and herbicidal seedlings is about 9 cm, the concentration of thin human feces and urine is 1 ∶ 5. After applying fertilizer every 1-2 months, the concentration can be increased gradually. Do regular weeding, loosen the soil, and pay attention to drainage and waterlogging during the rainy season. During the period of young trees, fertilizers should be applied 2-3 times a year, and 1 ∶ 4 human feces and urine should be evenly mixed with clear water, and ditches should be opened beside the trees. In order to increase nutrients and promote flowering and fruiting, pond mud or fully mature pig, cow and sheep manure were applied before flowering from June to July. After picking the fruit, apply fertilizer again to make it grow again quickly. Fertilization combined with weeding.