The planting method of Acanthopanax senticosus can be used as medicine all over the body.

Acanthopanax senticosus Acanthopanax senticosus (Rupr.) Et Maxim.) Dry, root and rhizome or stem of Harms. Harvest in spring and autumn, wash and dry. Acanthopanax senticosus is more shade-tolerant, often grows under coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forests or broad-leaved forests, but also grows near forest margins, hillside thickets and streams, and is mainly distributed in Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang, Hebei and other provinces in China.

Acanthopanax senticosus is a precious plant for both medicine and food. Its root, stem and skin can be used as medicine. It is a valuable variety of traditional Chinese medicine in our province. It has the functions of dispelling rheumatism, strengthening muscles and bones, regulating nerve function and blood pressure. Acanthopanax senticosus tender leaves can be processed into Acanthopanax senticosus tea, its tender stem can be eaten, not only delicious, but also has a certain health effect, deeply loved by consumers. Acanthopanax senticosus has such a wide range of uses, what is its planting method? This paper introduces the cultivation techniques from seed harvesting and treatment to seedling raising, planting, field management, harvesting and processing.

(1) raising seedlings

Breeding method

1 seed propagation

The fruit of Acanthopanax senticosus generally matures in the middle or late September of each year, and its fruit can not be sown directly after harvest. It needs to go through a winter to complete the physiological ripening process before the seeds can germinate.

(1) seed harvesting and treatment. In mid and late September, the fruit is harvested when it changes from yellowish brown to black and softens. After harvest, the impurities and chaff seeds were removed, the fruit was soaked in cold water for 1 to 2 days, then the peel and pulp were rubbed, rinsed with clean water, and the full seeds were taken to dry.

During the treatment, mix the seeds and wet sand at the ratio of 1:3 and store them indoors for a period of time. Dig grooves with deep 40cm, wide 40cm and length depending on the number of seeds in the leeward direction. The bottom of the groove is covered with 5cm thick wet sand, and then the sand mixture is put into the groove, which is about 30cm thick, then covered with 5cm thick wet sand, and finally covered with 20cm thick soil to form a mound. When covering the soil, a piece of grass handle is placed at a certain distance to facilitate ventilation. After thawing in spring, take out the seeds, put them in the sun, turn them several times a day, and sow when more than 30% of the seeds are cracked.

(2) sowing and raising seedlings. The time of sowing and raising seedlings is generally in the early and middle of April. The nursery had better choose the mountainous area with fertile soil and good drainage, with a slope of no more than 15 °, and the vegetable garden of the farmer can also be used. Make a bed before sowing and make a seedbed with a width of 1.2m, a length of 10m and a height of 0.2m. The bed soil should be deeply turned and raked fine, combined with soil preparation, high-quality farm fertilizer 2000kg should be applied every 667m, and then the seedling bed should be watered thoroughly. After the water seeps down the bed surface a little dry, the treated seeds will be evenly scattered on the bed surface, covered with fine soil 0.5~1cm, and then covered with plastic film or straw. About a month later, seedlings will emerge. Remove plastic film or straw when the emergence rate reaches 50%. When the seedling height is 3~5cm, interseedling should be carried out, and weeding and loosening soil should be carried out at the same time. When the seedling height reaches 10cm, the seedling is fixed, and the plant distance is 8~10cm.

2 Cuttage propagation

(1) hardwood cuttage. Select biennial branches with 3-5 buds on them, cut into 15cm cuttings and insert them obliquely into the soil to keep the soil at a certain temperature and humidity. The cuttings should be covered with film in spring and the temperature should be kept at about 25 ℃ in spring, and shade sheds should be set up in summer. If you cut in the forest, you can cover the bed with a layer of fallen leaves.

(2) softwood cutting. From June to July, select the sturdy semi-lignified branches, cut the cuttings of 10cm, leave a palmately compound leaf or cut off half of the leaves, insert the cuttings into the seedling bed according to the row spacing of 8cm × 15cm, insert the cuttings at the depth of 2x3 of the length of the cuttings, and cover them with plastic film after watering, so as to maintain soil moisture, take root in about half a month, then remove the film, and transplant in the second year.

3. Tillering propagation

Before the soil is completely thawed in spring, the seedlings germinated around the plant are dug out by the roots, or the ramets are dug out together with the mother plant. The seedlings of ramets must have strong growth, good root system and no root injury, and should be planted with the row spacing of 60cm × 60cm.

(2) transplanting and planting

Land selection and land preparation

1 site selection

Coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest, broad-leaved forest or sparse woodland should be selected, the canopy density of the upper layer is between 0.3 and 0.5, and the slope direction is shady slope and semi-shady slope. You can also choose barren mountains and wasteland suitable for forest for all-light afforestation. The afforestation land requires that the soil is moist and fertile, the drainage is good, and the slope of the woodland is not more than 25 °.

(2) clearing the ground and preparing the land

Weeds and shrubs should be removed completely so that the height of stubble does not exceed 6cm. The method of hole-like soil preparation was adopted, and the size of the hole was 50cm × 50cm to remove tree roots, weeds and stones and loosen the soil. The row spacing of afforestation plants is 1m × 1.5m, that is, the planting density is 6666 plants / hm2.

3 planting

In order to be carefully planted, the seedlings had better be planted along with them, and must be packed in the process of transportation to prevent the wind from blowing and the sun. The seedlings transported to the afforestation land should be planted in time to prevent the seedlings from drying and ensure the survival rate. When planting, the seedlings should be upright, the roots should be stretched, and the soil should be stepped on after planting.

(3) Field management

1 loosening the soil and weeding

Weeding and loosening the soil should be carried out in time after the seedlings are planted. First of all, cut off the germinating weeds and shrubs, loosen the soil in the planting hole, combined with weeding and ploughing twice, in order to keep the field clean.

2 topdressing

Topdressing once in late June, applying rotten farm manure or human dung and urine, applying radiate ditch application at the root, covering soil after topdressing, and watering clean water once.

3 pruning and plastic surgery

Cut off overdense branches, dead branches, senescent branches, diseased branches and deformed branches at any time to maintain the sanitary condition and exuberant growth of the trees.

(4) harvesting and processing

1 harvesting of tender leaves

Young leaves can be picked from late April to the end of August. When picking, it is necessary to accurately grasp the picking time and pick when the tender leaves are fully stretched and are still in a fresh state. The method of "picking one and leaving one" should be used when picking to ensure that there are enough leaves for trees to grow normally.