Key points of cultivation techniques of medicinal spice grass and fruit

Grass fruit is the dry mature fruit of Amomum tsao-ko Crevost et Lemaire, a plant of Zingiberaceae. It is a traditional Chinese medicine and a famous seasoning and spice material. It is a famous traditional Chinese medicine for both food and medicine. Its taste is pungent and warm, and it returns to the spleen and stomach meridian. It has the effect of drying, dampness and temperature, intercepting malaria and eliminating phlegm. In addition to product development in medical applications, grass fruits can also develop seasonings, health foods, essential oils, flavors, feeds, additives and other varieties. Grass fruits are planted in Yunnan, Guangxi, Guizhou, Sichuan, Fujian and other provinces and autonomous regions. The development of grass and fruit planting industry is a way for farmers in mountainous areas to increase their income and become rich. So, what are the key points of grass and fruit cultivation techniques? The following are the techniques for planting grass and fruit:

(1) selection of land and land preparation

1. Select a place

Grass fruit is suitable to be planted at the altitude of 1200-1800m. It is appropriate to choose sandy loam soil with water source, forest shade, thick soil and rich humus, sparse and moist texture in gentle valleys or streams, while barren soil and heavy clay should not be planted.

two。 Land preparation

Cut down overdense trees to remove root weeds, thickets and stones. Before sowing, the soil depth was 20-25cm, the soil was broken by ploughing, the bottom fertilizer was applied, and the plant ash was 30-37.5t/hm2.

Sowing seeds in the high border: 20cm in height and 120-150cm in width. The hole in the border is 40cm × 40cm × 30cm. Compost, barnyard manure and burnt soil are used as base manure, which are mixed with topsoil and ready to be planted.

(2) planting methods

1. Seed propagation

The seeds entered the mature stage from August to September, and the pericarp was purplish red and the seeds were silver-gray. Chewing sweet, large, full fruit picking, and then select full, fully ripe, disease-free fruit for seed, it is appropriate to sow along with picking. Peel off the peel and wash the pulp before sowing, soak the seeds in water for 10 to 12 hours, knead them with plant ash or coarse sand, wash off the surface colloid layer with clean water, then sow or dry (do not use the sun) and store them in earthen pots to sow in spring the following year. Autumn sowing should not be later than mid-October. The monthly average temperature of autumn sowing was above 18-20 ℃. The sowing method was strip sowing, ditching according to plant spacing 6cm, row spacing 20cm and deep 1.5cm, sowing 1-2 seeds on demand, covering soil and covering grass, watering and moisturizing. About 1-2 months after sowing, the seedlings are unearthed, and the germination rate can reach more than 90%. The cover grass should be removed immediately after emergence, weeds should be removed at any time, and dense and weak seedlings should be produced at any time to prevent the seedlings from softening and rotting caused by too much rainfall. Spring sowing should be carried out when the temperature rises to more than 18 ℃, and it is usually sown in February to March of the following year.

two。 Ramet propagation

When the seedlings grow to 60~120cm, they can be transplanted. Before the new buds are unearthed every spring, the rhizomes of the clusters with buds can be dug out and truncated to separate 1-year-old or 2-year-old plants as seedlings and planted separately. After separation, the lower leaves were cut off, leaving only the upper 2-3 leaves to reduce water evaporation and facilitate colonization and survival.

(3) Field management

1. Intermediate ploughing and weeding

Within 1-2 years after planting, the principle of "weeding must be removed" should be adhered to. Weeding should be 3-4 times a year, which can be carried out in February, May and August, respectively. After 3 years of planting, the plant closed and began to enter the flowering and fruiting stage, usually weeding 1-2 times a year. For the first time, weeds were removed before inflorescence was formed in January-February, withered, weak, diseased seedlings and overdense spring shoots were cut off, and too many fallen leaves of trees on the ground were removed, together with weeds to transport out retting fertilizer, withered seedlings and diseased seedlings should be burned to prevent disease. The second time was carried out after harvest.

two。 Topdressing

Grass and fruit is a fertilizer-loving plant, which should be fertilized 2-3 times a year after planting combined with intermediate ploughing and weeding. The first application of green manure, barnyard manure, compost, calcium superphosphate mixed fertilizer, but also appropriate amount of nitrogen fertilizer. The suitable amount of fertilizer application is 15-22.5t/hm2 organic fertilizer and 225,300 kg/hm2 superphosphate. Calcium superphosphate had better be compost with organic manure and then mixed with 1530 ks/hm2 urea. The fertilization time is around "the Spring Equinox" in March, when the temperature rises, the rainfall is more, and the humidity is high, which is the exuberant period of grass and fruit growth and the most suitable period of fertilization, which is beneficial to the growth of grass and fruit plants. The second topdressing should be selected before and after "the End of Heat" from the end of August to the middle of September, mainly to improve the cold resistance of seedlings. The types of fertilization were mixed with plant ash or burning soil mixed with appropriate amount of phosphate fertilizer, and then mixed with topsoil and mud to lay a material foundation for promoting flowering and fruiting in the following year. The suitable application rate is 2250-3000 kg/hm2 for plant ash and 30-37.5 t/hm2 for burning soil. When the grass and fruit population plants enter the flowering and fruiting stage, they should be fertilized 4 times a year. The first application of attacking seedling fertilizer, in November-December after fruit harvest, combined with cutting withered, old and diseased seedlings, re-applied organic fertilizer 18-37.5 t/hm2. , calcium superphosphate 300-375mol / kg/hm2, after application, the soil was properly cultivated to cover the stolon. Apply strong flower fertilizer for the second time. Before and after "stinging" to "the Spring Equinox", 1500 kg/hm2 of human feces and 30-60 kg/hm2 of urea were applied. For the third time before and after "Grain Rain", in order to ensure the development of grass fruit pollen, extra-root fertilization was applied with a mixture of 1200-1500kg/hm2 potassium dihydrogen phosphate (0.3%) and 0.01% boric acid. For the fourth time, before and after "Lesser Fullness of Grain" to "Grain in Beard", fruit protection fertilizer was applied once when the fruit grew. 2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate can be added to 5-mg/kg-2-4-li-D to promote the growth of young fruits and reduce the rate of fruit drop. Spray once every 5-8 days, about 750k g/hm2 each time.

3. Cultivate soil

Grass and fruit after planting to before flowering, to cultivate the soil, so that buds grow strong, after flowering, do not stand up to cultivate the soil, so as not to hurt the buds, resulting in rot and no fruit. When weeding each time, if the fibrous root exposed to the soil surface is found, a small amount of humus soil can be cultivated at the fibrous root to facilitate the root to absorb nutrients.

4. Drainage irrigation

The yield of grass and fruit has a great relationship with the lack of water in flowering season, so the circular drainage ditch should be dug around the border in advance during soil preparation; if it is too dry, the flowers will wither easily, resulting in reduced yield. Therefore, in case of drought, water should be diverted for irrigation, and grass can be covered where possible to reduce water evaporation and keep the soil moist; if Rain Water is too much, drainage should be done to reduce bud decay.