Technical points of artificial cultivation of Polyporus umbellatus

Polyporus umbellatus is the dried sclerotia of Polyporaceae fungus [Polyporus umbellatus (Pers.) Fries]. It is a commonly used fungus in China. It has a medicinal history of more than 2000 years and enjoys a high reputation at home and abroad. Polyporus umbellatus is widely distributed in China, and it is planted in Hebei, Shanxi, Henan, Liaoning, Jilin, Hubei, Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Shaanxi, Gansu and other provinces. Ankang, Hanzhong, Shangluo, Baoji, Xi'an, Weinan and other Qin and Bashan Mountains in Shaanxi Province are wild. The artificial cultivation techniques are introduced as follows:

(1) selection of land and land preparation

Site selection: choose sandy soil under shady slope forest, which is fertile and moist, rich in humus and well drained.

Soil preparation: under the selected tree species, dig a pit near the root that is 60 cm long, 50 cm wide and 45 cm deep, or plough and rake the land to be planted.

(2) planting methods

Culture fungus material: select Cyclobalanopsis glauca, Cyclobalanopsis glauca, Linden tree, Toona sinensis and other tree species as fungus material, collect branches or wood segments about 10 cm in diameter before growing new leaves, and cut into fish scales every 3-5 cm. The dense ring bacteria are widely distributed in the natural secondary forest, and the brown-red cords are collected under the forest as bacteria, and then the prepared wood and the collected fungus are arranged neatly in the proportion of 3 ∶ 1 between March and April. Then sprinkle the chopped young clove on top, cover the gap with humus, take the unexposed wood section as the degree, and cover it with a layer of leaves. According to this requirement, the accumulation is about 1 meter high, and the soil is covered around about 10 centimeters, and then covered with branches, artemisia grass or leaves. When the weather is dry, water should be properly sprinkled to maintain a certain humidity. The fungus can be cultivated in the same year and ready for use the following year.

Choose to cultivate Polyporus umbellatus: dig wild Polyporus umbellatus as breeding cocos. The menu weighs more than 15 grams, the color is lighter, and the grayish brown tender sclerotia are broken into small pieces.

Cultivation time: both spring and autumn. Spring is from April to May and autumn is from 9 to 10.

Cultivation method: first dig loose the bottom of the pit for two seasons, spread a layer of leaves, put the cultivated bacterial material on the bottom at an interval of about 6 cm, put 5-8 pieces of Ling between the rods, make it close to the fish scale mouth where Armillaria mellea grows more, then fill the gap with leaves, plant 2-3 layers in each pit according to this requirement, then cover the humus soil, and then slightly suppress it. Some adopt planting Polyporus umbellatus while cultivating bacterial material. In this method, the new material and strain material are placed alternately in the pit, and then planted according to the above requirements, which can shorten the production cycle. The number of fungus depends on the thickness of the fungus.

(3) Field management

The growth of Polyporus umbellatus has strict requirements on soil moisture. When the weather is dry in spring, water it properly. When Rain Water is big in autumn, he should drain water in time to prevent stagnant water. When the summer temperature is too high, it is necessary to cover branches and artemisia grass to reduce the temperature in the pit.

(4) harvesting and processing

Polyporus umbellatus perennial habit, the yield is not high in one or two years, three or four years of cultivation is the vigorous period of reproduction. Pay attention to the sclerotia in the surface soil layer during harvest. It can be harvested all year round, and it is better to harvest in summer and autumn. The hard color of the substantia nigra is called the old nucleus, which is the commercial Polyporus umbellatus, that is, the first generation and the second generation. Fresh and tender grayish brown or yellow Polyporus umbellatus, the general nucleus is soft, can be used as a seed nucleus.

The sclerotia of Polyporus umbellatus which has been harvested should be washed clean and dried in the sun. After drying, it can be shipped and sold. Pack it in sacks or bamboo sticks and store it in a dry place.

Polyporus umbellatus skin black luster, weight, solid, white or yellow section is preferred.