Planting methods and Development Prospect of plantain

I. the characteristics of plantain and the requirements for environmental conditions

(1) Variety origin and plant morphology

Plantain is a wild variety cultivated in Malipo County, Yunnan Province in the summer of 2008. the results of experiment and demonstration for 4 years show that this variety has the characteristics of strong growth potential, tall plants, huge leaves, long flowering period and high yield. The plant height is 30-70 cm, the ear length is 60-70 cm, the rhizome is short and thick, with fibrous roots. Basal leaves erect, leaf blade ovate or broadly ovate, apex obtuse, margin undulate or irregularly serrate; petiole 14-18 cm long, leaf blade 18-20 cm long, leaf blade 9.5-14.0 cm wide. Flower stem erect, 50-90 cm tall (occasionally to 120 cm), spikes accounting for 1-pound 2-2-pound 3 of flower stem; flowers dense, bracts ovate, shorter than calyx lobes, both with green keel processes; calyx sessile, lobes elliptic; Corolla lobes elliptic or ovate. Capsule ellipsoid, seeds 8-15, a few up to 18, brown or brown. The flowering period is from April to September and the fruiting period is from May to November.

(2) requirements for environmental conditions of plantain

1. Temperature. Plantain prefers to be warm and cool and more hardy, but not resistant to high temperature. Under the condition of 10-25 ℃, it could heading, blossom and bear fruit normally. The stems and leaves could grow normally in the range of 5-28 ℃, while the plants of 28-32 ℃ stopped growing and gradually withered and died. The seeds germinated quickly at 20-24 ℃, but could not germinate at 32 ℃.

two。 Moisture. Plantain seedlings like humid environment, waterlogging and drought tolerance. However, it is not tolerant to waterlogging at the heading stage, and the flower ear is easy to die after being flooded.

3. Light. Plantain is not too strict in lighting, and it is light-loving and shady-tolerant. The light is sufficient, the leaf is thick and the vein is thick, the growth is fast, the plant is strong. The light is less, the leaves are thin, and the plants are tender.

Second, the utilization value and development prospect of plantain.

(1) nutritional value

Plantain contains 10 grams of carbohydrates, 4 grams of protein, 1 grams of fat, 3.3 grams of crude fiber, 309 milligrams of calcium, 175 milligrams of phosphorus, 0.09 milligrams of vitamin B10.09 milligrams, 0.25 milligrams of vitamin B2, 25.3 milligrams of iron, 5.85 milligrams of carotene, 23 milligrams of vitamin C and other minerals and vitamins.

(2) Medicinal value

The whole grass and seeds of the plant can be used as medicine, with a sweet cold taste, with the effects of heat-clearing and detoxification, diuresis, uric acid, clearing liver and eyesight, anti-inflammation and relieving cough. used for the treatment of adverse urination, edema, urinary tract infection, summer heat diarrhea, phlegm cough, mild gout, heat carbuncle swelling and other symptoms.

(3) prospects for development

With the continuous improvement of people's living standards and increasing attention to health, the use of Chinese herbal medicine for medical treatment and health care is becoming more and more popular. And plantain has a wide range of anti-tumor activity and less toxic side effects, which makes its application prospect more broad.

3. Artificial cultivation techniques of plantain.

(1) sowing season

Plantain can be sown and cultivated all year round in Malipo County, Yunnan Province. in the subtropical valley below 1000 meters above sea level, it is suitable to sow in autumn, winter and spring, and in temperate mountain areas with an elevation of 1000 to 1600m above sea level, it is suitable to sow in spring, summer and autumn.

(2) cultivation methods

There are two cultivation methods of plantain: direct seeding and seedling transplanting.

1. Direct seeding cultivation.

The soil preparation and fertilization was carried out before sowing. 2000 kg of rotten farm manure was applied per mu, ploughed and raked flat, ditched according to 1.5m, the border was 120cm wide, the walkway between the ditches was 30cm, and the ditch depth was 15cm-20cm. Sowing rate of 300 grams per mu, for uniform sowing, seeds can be mixed with 20 times the amount of sifted fine soil and fine sand, mix well and then sow. Sow the seed ditch on the border surface according to the row spacing of 25 cm, sow the seeds into the ditch, and cover the fine soil 1 cm thick after sowing. The next day when the soil moisture is good, the soil is slightly compacted, and if the soil moisture is not good, the soil is watered in time to keep the soil moist. During the period of 2 ~ 3 leaves, the distance between seedlings is about 10 cm, and the distance between plants is 20 ~ 25 cm at 4 ~ 5 leaves. Weeding was carried out by combining inter-seedling and fixed seedling.

two。 Raise seedlings and transplant.

Seedlings were raised by ①.

a. Selection and sowing of seedbed. Plantain is not strict with the soil and can grow in all kinds of soil. To choose leeward to the sun, the soil is fertile, loose, slightly acidic sandy loam as a seedbed. Generally, 30 square meters of seedbeds need to be arranged for every acre of land planted. Before sowing, 10 kilograms of rotten high-quality fine farm manure are applied to each square meter of seedbeds, and 100 grams of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer (15-15-15) are used as base fertilizers, ploughing and raking fine leveling to make the border surface 100 centimeters wide, 15 centimeters high and 35 centimeters between ditches. The amount of seed used is 60 grams per mu (that is, according to 30 square meters of seedling bed per mu and 2 grams per square meter of seedling bed), because the seeds of plantain are small, the seeds can be mixed with 610 kilograms of fine sand and grass ash before sowing, and then sowed evenly on the border surface. After sowing, the seeds are covered with 0.5-1.0 cm thick sifted fine soil and grass ash.

b. Seedbed management. After sowing and covering the soil, spray water immediately, cover with straw and film, and keep it moist to facilitate germination. Uncover the film and spray water once a day in the evening to keep the bed soil moist, and seedlings can emerge in 6-7 days. Straw and film will be removed immediately after emergence to increase light and prevent the growth of tall seedlings. Plantain seeds are small, grow slowly after emergence, and are easy to be inhibited by weeds, so weeds should be weeded in time at the seedling stage. Generally, weeds should be removed 2 or 3 times at the seedling stage, and can be transplanted when the seedlings grow 4 or 5 leaves.

② is planted in the field.

a. Land selection, soil preparation and fertilization. The sandy loam with flat terrain, convenient drainage and irrigation and loose soil is selected as the planting field with higher yield. Application of rotten farm manure 1500-2000 kg per mu, 25% compound fertilizer (13-5-7) 40 kg as base fertilizer, ploughing and raking fine leveling to make the border, the border surface is 120 cm wide, 15 cm high and 30 cm between ditches, which is convenient for drainage and irrigation.

b. Transplant. Planting 4 rows in each row, 30 cm between rows and 25 cm between holes, planting 1 plant in each hole, watering the roots immediately after planting and watering them for 2 or 3 times in a row to promote living trees.