Growth habits and cultivation techniques of Phyllostachys mandshurica

Polygonatum odoratum alias dog clang root, wilt, jade ginseng, tail ginseng. It has the functions of nourishing yin, invigorating body and relieving thirst, moistening dryness, eliminating annoyance and so on. It is the first choice for the treatment of Yin injury, dry mouth, dry pharynx and diabetes. Wild Polygonatum odoratum is distributed in most provinces in China. According to the region, Polygonatum odoratum which is distributed in the three eastern provinces and Inner Mongolia is called Guan Yuzhu.

The growth adaptability of Polygonatum odoratum is strong, and the requirements to the environment are not strict. It can be cultivated on barren slopes and fields. Interplanting in orchards and shading by trees has a better effect and higher land utilization rate. Vigorously developing the cultivation of Polygonatum odoratum has good social, economic and ecological benefits. Although Polygonatum odoratum is a tide-loving shade plant, after artificial domestication and cultivation, field planting has been very suitable, no need for shelter, strong disease resistance, easy management and low investment. Guan Yuzhu usually takes 7 to 8 years from sowing to harvest.

Planting techniques of Guan Yuzhu:

1. Reproduction of Polygonatum odoratum

Rhizome propagation and seed propagation can be used in the cultivation and production of Polygonatum odoratum. At present, if there is no shortage of breeding materials, asexual reproduction is adopted, which has the characteristics of short production cycle and quick effect.

The rhizome propagates in late March in spring and transplants in late September in autumn. Seed propagation and sowing can be carried out in spring and autumn, and there are no seedlings in the same year. Because the seeds of Polygonatum odoratum have the characteristics of deep dormancy, the seeds sown in spring and autumn should come out at intervals of one year.

(2) selecting and preparing land

The land for raising seedlings and producing fields of Polygonatum odoratum should choose the mountain or farmland with deep soil layer, rich humus, fertile and loose sandy loam soil with good drainage. After the selection of land, the mu of rotten farm manure is 2 500 to 3 000 kg, the manure is spread evenly on the ground, and then turned 25 to 30 cm deep, raked fine and leveled to make a border, with a width of 1.6 m, a width of 30 cm and a height of 15 cm. The length of the border depends on the topography, so as to facilitate drainage and convenient operation.

(3) sowing and planting of Polygonatum odoratum

Cross-border strip sowing. Open a shallow ditch horizontally on the finished border, with a depth of about 3 cm and a row spacing of 10 cm. Sow the seeds evenly into the ditch and cover the loose soil with 2 cm. After raking, the border surface is covered with needles, weeds or straw to moisturize. Sow about 10 kilograms per mu.

Sow. When making the border, leave loose soil for use, then hold the border flat, then spread the seeds evenly on the border, cover the reserved soil evenly on the border, and then moisturize it with needles, weeds or straw. Sowing is about 15 kilograms per mu.

Rhizome propagation. Select the seed stem. When harvested in autumn, the rhizome is hypertrophic, with many whisker roots and bud heads as the seed stem, and the seed stem is 3-7 cm long.

Plant. Before planting, each side of the border is 15 cm wide for planting corn in spring. Trench is made according to the row spacing of 25 cm, the depth of the ditch is about 10 cm, the plant spacing is 15 cm, and then the soil is covered and watered. About 150 kg per mu (667 square meters) need to be planted.

(4) planting field management of Polygonatum odoratum

Management before emergence. Check the border cover. After sowing to before emergence, always check the border cover and find that the cover is covered in time, so as to keep the soil on the border moist. Drought prevention and waterlogging prevention. Often check the soil moisture status of the border, find that the drought timely replenish water, and do a good job of drainage in the rainy season. When the mulch emerges, the mulch should be removed in time to avoid damaging the seedlings after emergence. Covering with pine needles can retain a thin layer and cover for a long time, which can not only keep the border moist, but also prevent weeds, and avoid loosening the soil operation procedure.

Interseedling and fixed seedling. According to the situation of seedling emergence and seedling growth, it was found that the seedling was too dense, and the seedlings should be properly interspersed when the seedling height was 8cm to 10cm.

Ploughing and weeding. Weeding should be done well during the growth of seedlings and should be pulled up as soon as they see the grass. Pull up the soil by hand when it is dry, and it is not suitable to pull grass after rain or when the soil is too wet.

Top dressing. In the case of sufficient basal fertilizer, there is no need to topdressing after one year of seedling raising. After two years of seedling cultivation, the local plants withered and frozen in late autumn and early winter, and then applied a layer of rotten barnyard manure. After the emergence of seedlings in the spring of the third year, frequently irrigated with small water can also catch 15 kg of urea and calcium superphosphate per mu. The management will be like this year after year, and it can be replanted after 4 or 5 years of cultivation.

Irrigation. During the seedling growth period, the seedling is small, the root system is shallow, and it is not resistant to drought, so the drought should be watered in time.

Other field management. High-tech plants such as corn can be planted around the bed to shade the seedlings. Dig the drainage ditch around the seedling field before the rainy season, do a good job of drainage in the rainy season, the field can not accumulate water. Every year, the seedlings are covered with cold protection from withering to freezing, covering leaves, grass or dung.

5. Harvesting and processing of Polygonatum odoratum

It can be harvested in both spring and autumn. When harvesting, remove the stems and leaves, shake off the soil, remove the fibrous roots, wash and dry. Knead every 6 hours, so repeatedly until there is no stiff skin in the rhizome, and finally dry into medicine. The finished product Guan Yuzhu is yellow and transparent, with a yield of 300 kg per mu.