Key points of cultivation techniques and control methods of diseases and insect pests of Radix Pseudostellariae

Radix Pseudostellariae, also known as child ginseng, four-leaf ginseng, four-leaf vegetable and rice ginseng, is Pseudostellaria heterophylla (Miq.) Pax ex Pax et Hoffm. Dry tuber root, which tastes sweet, slightly bitter and flat. Return to spleen and lung meridian. It has the function of replenishing qi and invigorating the spleen, invigorating fluid and moistening the lung. It is used for spleen deficiency and body tiredness, loss of appetite, weakness after illness, deficiency of qi and yin, spontaneous sweating and thirst, lung dryness and cough and other diseases. it is the main raw material of Jianwei Xiaoshi tablets and other proprietary Chinese medicine, mainly produced in Fujian, Shandong, Anhui, Jiangsu and other provinces. In recent years, with the improvement of people's awareness of living water products and health care, the demand for Radix Pseudostellariae is increasing, and the domestic and international market prices continue to rise, which promotes the rapid expansion of the cultivated area. Before planting Radix Pseudostellariae, we need to understand the cultivation techniques of Radix Pseudostellariae and how to control diseases and insect pests in order to grow high quality and abundant yield. So, what are the key points of the cultivation techniques of Radix Pseudostellariae? How to prevent and control diseases and insect pests?

Radix Pseudostellariae

Cultivation techniques

one。 Land selection and preparation

Choose hilly sloping land with superior ecological environment or high-lying flat land, the soil requires loose and fertile, good drainage, rich in humus sandy loam. The implementation of rotation, avoid continuous cropping, the previous cropping with Gramineae crops is appropriate, the field is required to plough ahead of time to make the soil mature, and then carry out the whole bed. The width of the border is 1.3 ~ 1.5 m, the height of the border is 20 cm, the width of the drainage ditch is 30cm, and the surface of the border is tortoise back. The land with low topography and poor drainage should use high border, otherwise, flat border should be used, which is beneficial to watering. 15 days before sowing, 100-150-fold formalin or 50% phoxim EC 7.5 kg/hm2 can be used for soil disinfection to control underground pests and make an isolation zone of about 9m. There can be no mosaic virus hosts such as tobacco, tomato, cowpea, potato, Chinese cabbage and cabbage in the surrounding environment.

two。 Planting method

1. Root propagation

Most of the roots of Radix Pseudostellariae are propagated by tuber. The seedlings left in the field in summer were dug up before planting, and the seeds were selected while harvesting. The tubers with intact bud head, hypertrophy of ginseng body and no diseases and insect pests were used as seedlings, and the rest were processed into commodities. If you dig back the seedlings stored at home, you should also select those with complete bud head, large ginseng body, strong and free from diseases and insect pests.

two。 Cuttage propagation

When the growth was exuberant, the aboveground branches were 5-6 cm long, each with 2-3 internodes, all the internodes were cut into the ground, and the apical leaves were exposed to the ground, and rooting took place 7-10 days after cutting.

3. Seed propagation

The capsule of Radix Pseudostellariae is easy to crack and the seeds are not easy to be collected, so the naturally scattered seeds are used to raise seedlings in situ. After harvesting ginseng in the original cultivation, rake flat, apply fertilizer once, plant a crop of radish and cabbage, and then flatten after harvest. The seeds that have fallen to the ground in the spring of the second year germinate and sprout, and when they grow 3 or 4 leaves, they can be transplanted or used for planting in autumn. The seeds propagated and only one conical root was formed in the same year.

4. Transplanting and planting

On the finished border surface, the flat bottom ditch is opened longitudinally along the border, the deep 5~6cm, the species ginseng is placed obliquely on one side of the ditch, and the position of the bud head is the same, 6cm from the surface, commonly known as "uneven up and down". According to the row spacing 12~15cm, a new ditch was opened, and the dug soil was covered in the ditch that had been planted, and then planted in the new ditch, and finally the border surface was shaped into the back of a tortoise. Planting 30~40kg/667m2 with seed. This method is called oblique planting or vertical planting. Can also be planted flat in the ditch, so that the head and tail are connected, row spacing is the same as before, covered with 6cm thick soil, called flat planting or sleeping planting. The thickness of soil cover in root propagation is very important. If the root is too deep, the ginseng root is large, the quantity is small, the yield is low, the shallow ginseng root is small, and the quality is poor. 5~6cm is suitable. This method has high output and is often used in production.

three。 Field management

1. Weeding

After the seedlings were unearthed, the seedlings were hoed and loosened once, and the grass was pulled out the rest of the time. After the Beginning of Summer, the line has been closed, only pulling out the big grass, can not carry out weeding and loosening the soil, so as not to hurt the root and affect the growth.

two。 Topdressing

The times of topdressing were determined according to the plant growth, and the rare manure mixed with water (1:5) or compound fertilizer (50 kg/667 m2) was applied before rain to promote growth.

3. Cultivate soil

After the emergence of seedlings in early spring, sprinkle the soil on the surface of the border while finishing the ditch, or cultivate the soil with guest soil, the soil thickness is below 1.5cm, to promote root.

4. Drainage and irrigation

Prince ginseng is afraid of waterlogging, once stagnant water, it is easy to rot, so the border ditch must be drained smoothly after the rain. In the dry and rainy season, attention should be paid to irrigation to keep the soil moist, which is conducive to germination and plant growth. Prevent foot socket stagnant water caused by trampling so as not to cause ginseng root rot and death.

Pest control

1. Disease

Root rot: hot and humid weather, prone to this disease. Prevention and control methods: select the land with good drainage and ventilation, can reduce the occurrence of the disease; the diseased plants are irrigated with 1000 times of carbendazim or methyl topiramate.

Root rot of Prince Ginseng

Leaf spot disease: it is easy to occur in rainy spring, and when it is serious, the plant wilts and dies. Prevention and treatment methods: in the early stage of the disease, the disease can be prevented and treated by spray with 100-fold Bordeaux liquid, or 800-fold liquid spray with 65% ammonium wettable powder, once every 7 days and 3 times in a row.