What is the planting method of jujube that can be seen everywhere?

Jujube is a kind of commonly used Chinese herbal medicine, which is the dried ripe fruit of Ziziphus juuba Mill. Autumn fruits are harvested when ripe and dried. It tastes sweet; warm in nature; returns to spleen, stomach and heart meridians; has the effects of invigorating qi, nourishing blood and calming nerves. It is mainly used for spleen deficiency, lack of food, loose stools, woman's zang agitation and other diseases.

Jujube originated in China, in China has been planted for more than 4,000 years, since ancient times has been classified as "five fruits"(peach, plum, plum, apricot, jujube) one. Jujube is a temperate crop with strong adaptability. It has the characteristics of drought tolerance, barren drought tolerance and strong disaster resistance. Since jujube comes from jujube, it does not require high soil conditions. Whether in mountainous areas, plains, hills or barren beaches, its strong adaptability to natural conditions is rare among fruit trees. So, how is the fruit grown?

(i) Land selection and preparation

Jujube on the soil requirements are not strict, but the development of high-quality jujube production in pieces, requiring soil fertility, irrigation and drainage convenient sand or sandy loam planting. The plot is more than 100m away from industrial and mining enterprises and traffic arteries. The content of harmful heavy metal elements in soil and the quality of irrigation water meet relevant standards.

(ii) Cultivation methods

1. planting techniques

(1)Jujube trees are planted in autumn before freezing after defoliation or in spring before germination after freezing. Seedlings should be selected, the overall planning of the park should be done well before planting, and the arrangement of supporting facilities should be reasonable and orderly. The fresh jujube variety should be cultivated intensively by dwarfing and dense planting, with the plant spacing of 2~3m×4m and the suitable planting rate of 625~1245 plants/hm2. Dense first and then thin, in order to achieve early high yield.

(2)When planting, dig 1m deep tree pit, use 20~30kg/plant farm manure, mix farm manure with excavated surface soil evenly, backfill 50~60cm of tree pit, and then fill 10cm as isolation layer. When planting, water should be poured thoroughly, and after the water permeates, the seedlings should be supported and sealed to preserve moisture.

(3)After planting, the seedlings should be dried at 1m height. If there are secondary branches under it, the first secondary branch under the shear should be thinned, and the remaining secondary branches should be shortened or thinned according to the growth strength.

2. fertilizer and water management

Although jujube bears barren and bears fruit early, if there is no good water and fertilizer conditions, it will not enter the stage of mass fruiting, or show flowers but not fruit. Jujube trees need high level of fertilizer, especially sensitive to nitrogen fertilizer. Fertilization amount of normal fruiting trees in full fruiting period is calculated according to yield. For each 100kg yield, 1.6~ 2 kg pure nitrogen, 0.9~ 1.2 kg phosphorus pentoxide and 1.3~ 1.6 kg potassium oxide were applied throughout the year. Long-acting basal fertilizer (accounting for more than 1/ 3 of the annual fertilizer application). Topdressing was applied before germination (mainly N fertilizer) and young fruit stage (mainly P and K fertilizer) to ensure that the annual growth of developing branches reached 50~80cm. In addition, 0.3% urea, 0.2%~0.5% borax, 2% calcium superphosphate and 5% plant ash extract can be used as topdressing before flowering, flowering and young fruit stage. Ternary compound fertilizer was applied before germination, initial flowering stage and fruit expansion stage. Irrigation is carried out according to soil moisture and topdressing in each main phenological period. If water is in short supply, loosen soil and cover grass (or film) on tree trays or rows before dry season to reduce drought damage.

3. training and pruning

(1)Dwarf dense trees are best selected as small canopy sparse layer trees or trunk trees. The former cultivates two layers of trunk branches, while the latter cultivates several lateral branches on the trunk without layering. When cultivating backbone branches, it is necessary to comprehensively use such means as short cutting, branch pulling, bud carving, core picking and thinning, so as to make the backbone branches position properly, grow healthily, grow slowly and have moderate density. After shaping, the crown of the whole tree is complete, and the tree height is controlled at about 3m. Dry weak and poor soil can be used in natural open-heart tree. The tree shape of the whole garden should be basically consistent.

(2)Pruning should be light in the young tree period, making full use of jujube heads and permanent twigs to form a large number of jujube strands, which bear fruit branches every year. After full fruiting period, it is necessary to control and renew the basal branches in time, and even retract some of the trunk branches to prevent the apex from drooping. In addition to winter shears, during the growth period, it is necessary to do a good job of wiping buds and thinning branches and picking and inducing the heads of prosperous and long dates. High-yielding trees require an average of 80~100 jujube strands per cubic meter of crown space.

4. Measures to Improve Fruit Setting Rate

Jujube flowers are large, and the natural fruit setting rate is mostly below 1%~2% of the total flower amount. The causes of bud, flower and fruit drop include insufficient nutrition of tree body and abnormal climate at flowering stage (such as dry hot wind or daily average temperature).