How to plant winter flowers to grow good flowers

Winter flower, also known as winter flower, ninety-nine flower, winter flower, is the composite plant winter (TussilagofarfalraL.) Unopened buds dried and used medicinally. It has the effect of relieving cough and resolving phlegm. Treatment of chronic cough, wheezing, blood in sputum, pulmonary tuberculosis, asthma and chronic bronchitis. Mainly distributed in North China, Northwest China and Sichuan, Hubei, Henan and other provinces, mostly for cultivation. Mainly produced in Xing County, Shanxi Province, Jingle and other counties, and Henan, Shandong, Hebei and other provinces.

[plant morphology] perennial herbs. Plant height 10~15cm. Basal leaves, long stalked; leaf blade rounded-cordate, apex obtusely pointed or subrounded, undulate sparsely serrate, dark green above, smooth glabrous, back densely white velutinous. The flowers bloom before the leaves grow. Capitate inflorescence simple, terminal, flowering stem several to dozens of branches, velutinous; bracts more than 10, alternate flower stem, involucre 1-2 layer; margin is female ligulate flower, center is male tubular flower. Achene. The florescence is from February to March.

[biological characteristics] Winter flowers are resistant to cold, heat, drought and waterlogging. It is suitable for cool, ventilated, half-yin and half-yang environment. I don't like strong direct sunlight. When the temperature exceeds 36 ℃, it is easy to collapse leaves or die. It grows well in loose, moist and fertile sandy loam rich in humus. Heavy clay, waterlogged waterlogged land and continuous cropping land should not be planted. Light saline-alkali land can also be planted.

[cultivation techniques]

1. Land selection and preparation: it is appropriate to choose sandy loam with loose, fertile, moist, good drainage and irrigation conditions for planting. Shandong chooses the so-called "Night Chao soil" as the best choice. Avoid continuous cropping to avoid serious disease. When preparing the soil, apply circle fertilizer or soil fertilizer about 4000kg per mu, and turn it into the soil carefully. Turn the soil about 20cm, rake fine, level, and make a bed for planting.

two。 Propagation method: propagate with underground rhizome. When picking flowers in winter, the rhizome is buried in the sand, leaving the rhizome for planting. The next year, mid-March, late March or winter planting should be from October to early November, spring planting from the stored rhizome to select disease and insect-free, sturdy, yellow-white rhizome for planting. Too tender and slender rhizome and rhizome tip, not suitable for planting. Winter planting is planted along with harvesting and planing. Whether planted in spring or winter, cut the rhizome into small segments of 7~8cm, each section retained 2-3 nodes, covered with wet sand to avoid air-drying, can be taken along with planting.

Planting is often planted in strips or holes. The row spacing of hole planting is 30~35cm, the depth of ditch is 7~1Ocm, and the distance of acupoint is 23~27cm. Each hole is triangular, put the rhizome 3 segments, flat in the ditch, covered with soil 4cm, compacted. Strip planting according to row spacing 27cm, furrow depth 7~1Ocm, put a section of rhizome every 10~13cm, cover soil compaction. When the temperature and humidity are suitable, the seedlings usually emerge in 15-20 days. Planting 35kg with rhizome per mu. After planting, appropriate planting corn for shade, in order to facilitate the growth of winter flowers.

3. Field management

(1) watering and loosening the soil: before the seedlings are unearthed, if the soil is dry, they should be watered properly. When dry and wet are appropriate, the topsoil can be loosened to preserve soil moisture and seedling emergence.

After the seedlings are unearthed, loosen the soil shallowly to avoid root damage. After the emergence of the seedlings, generally less watering, so as to squat seedlings. If it is too dry, the leaves will collapse and should be watered properly. Loosen the soil after rain or watering to keep the soil loose and weed-free. Pay attention to timely drainage and waterlogging prevention in the rainy season to prevent stagnant water in the ground. Especially after the rain in hot summer, well water should be poured in time to cool down, so as to prevent the plants from burning to death.

(2) Leaf thinning ventilation: the temperature increased from June to July. The leaves of Didong extend very fast, so the withered yellow and overdense overlapping leaves can be cut off from the base of the petiole with scissors to facilitate ventilation and light. Do not tear with your hands when cutting leaves. In the future, if the leaves are too dense, they should still be thinned. The old leaves can be cut off in the first and middle of September, and only pay attention to 3 or 4 leaves.

(3) topdressing: winter likes fertilizer, but no topdressing in spring and summer to avoid excessive growth of stems and leaves. Topdressing can be carried out in early August after "the Beginning of Autumn". Circle fertilizer is about 1500kg per mu and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer 50kg is about to promote the formation of flower buds. Spread the fertilizer next to the plant, and then cultivate the soil to cover it.

(4) cultivate the soil: in order to prevent the bud from exposing to the ground, cultivate the soil frequently. For the first time, when the flower buds were not formed before and after "White Dew", in the early and middle of August, combined with topdressing, it was appropriate not to cover the leaves. The second soil cultivation is in early October. The soil is taken from the rows and cultured on the main stem. Do not cover the leaves. The third time of soil cultivation was in early November, and the whole plant was tightly covered.

(5) intercropping shade: winter flowers like shade, can be in the east-west winter flower field every two rows of corn, shade for winter flowers, can achieve a bumper harvest of grain and medicine.

4. Pest control

(1) atrophic leaf blight: the pathogen is a kind of half-known bacteria, which harms the leaves, and the diseased leaves show dark-brown irregular disease spots, causing the leaves to atrophy and dry up. Prevention and treatment method: remove and burn the diseased leaves; spray with Bordeaux solution of 1purl 120 or 65% wettable zinc 500 times, once every 10 days, 3 times in a row.

(2) Brown spot: the pathogen is also a kind of half-known bacteria. It suddenly clears up after rain in summer, and excessive stagnant water is easy to cause the disease. Damage leaves, diseased leaves on the disease spot round, diameter 5~20mm. The center is brown, the edge is purplish red. Prevention and treatment methods: pay attention to timely drainage; spray the same amount of Bordeaux solution or 1000 times of methyl topiramate wettable powder at the initial stage of the disease.

(3) Spodoptera litura: larvae damage plants, and 2.5% trichlorfon powder can be sprayed when it occurs.

(4) aphids: 2000 times of dimethoate emulsion can be sprayed when aphids occur.

(5) weevil and reticulate ground beetle: when harming seedlings, trichlorfon poison bait can be sprinkled to kill.

[harvest processing]

Due to the different climate in different places, the harvest time of winter flowers is different. It is generally between "Cold Dew" and "the Beginning of Winter", that is, from October to late November to December, when the flower buds are not unearthed before freezing. Dig out the whole plant, remove the soil, pick the buds, remove the soil and pedicels. Pick the buds, put them in the basket, and never put them in the cloth bag to prevent squeezing and rubbing. If there is soil on the bud, do not wash it or rub it with your hands, so as not to blacken and affect the quality. After picking the flower buds, the Laodun rhizome is buried in the ground and covered with soil, and the second crop of flower buds can be harvested the following spring. Spread the picked buds thinly on the mat and place them in a ventilated place to dry. Do not bask in the sun and turn them with your hands, causing the buds to change color, black or mildew, so as to affect the quality. When it is half-dry, sift gently to clean the soil and pedicels. Then dry it until it is completely dry and it can be used medicinally. You can also use 40-50. Drying at C temperature. The dryer has bright color, good quality and high drying rate. Yield dry bud 60~70kg per mu. General 4kg flowers can be dried into 1kg practical information.