Cultivation methods and key points of bergamot

Bergamot is commonly propagated by cutting and grafting. Cutting should be combined with pruning before new buds germinate in early spring. Choose to cut off 1 or 2 sturdy twigs of rice, select the stem segment of 10 ~ 12 cm in length in the middle section as cuttings, insert it into sand or bee stone, pour water through it, cover it with plastic film and put it in a semi-shaded place. It can take root in about 1 month at 25 ℃. Grafted citrus or citron seedlings are often used as rootstocks, usually cut or leaned. The scion chooses the branch with flower bud, and then it can blossom and bear fruit. Cultivation and management bergamot soilless cultivation often uses white plastic flowerpots or ceramic flowerpots. The soilless substrate can be composed of peat: perlite: sand = 4:4:2 or coconut fiber: vermiculite: ceramsite = 5:3:2. The pot is mostly carried out in early spring, and the specific operation method is the same as kumquat. Immediately after planting, pour through the nutrient solution, place in the semi-shade for 7-10 days, slow the seedlings and gradually move to the place with sufficient light for normal maintenance. On weekdays, the liquid is rehydrated once or twice a week, each time 100,000,000 ml; on weekdays, water is replenished to keep the matrix dry and wet. Bergamot can blossom and bear fruit many times in a year, but some flowers are degenerated flowers and cannot be pollinated. Generally, the flower buds in the upper part of the inflorescence with hypertrophic ovary and green flower heart have high fruit setting rate, so more such flowers should be retained. Spraying the leaf surface with 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution for 1 or 2 times during the bud period, spraying 50 mg gibberellin or anti-falling hormone after fruit setting can improve fruit setting and promote fruit development. When the fruit grows to the size of the bean grain, it is necessary to properly remove some young fruits according to the tree condition, which is not only conducive to the size and symmetry of the fruit, but also conducive to the annual fruit. In order to prevent the occurrence of chlorosis, 0.1% ferrous sulfate solution or alum fertilizer water should be irrigated once a month during the growth period to keep the matrix slightly acidic. After the Beginning of Autumn, the times of watering and watering should be gradually reduced. Frosts Descent moved indoors in the north, where there is plenty of sunshine, and the room temperature should be kept at about 10 ℃. Prune the withered branches, weak branches, disease and insect branches and over-dense branches before sprouting every spring. Most of the short branches of bergamot are fruiting branches, which should be retained as far as possible. The overgrown branches that grow in summer can be cut off 2 pear 5 to let them bear fruit branches. The summer shoots from June to July should be properly removed, and the autumn shoots should be properly retained for the fruit of the next year. In the process of growth, bergamot is often vulnerable to anthracnose, coal fouling, citrus butterflies, shell insects, red spiders and other diseases and pests, which should be prevented in time. The nutrient solution of bergamot soilless cultivation can use kumquat nutrient solution.