How to cultivate Pinellia ternata with high efficiency

Pinellia ternata, Pinellia ternata of Araceae, is a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine. Dried tubers are used to treat cough, asthma and sputum, nausea and vomiting. In recent years, pinellia ternata has been found to have anti-early pregnancy and anti-tumor effects. It is one of the Chinese herbal medicines that have been in short supply for many years. Xihe County, Gansu Province is a suitable planting area for Pinellia ternata, which is white in color, high in starch and good in shape. It is deeply welcomed by users and is called Pinellia ternata. After the wild cultivation of Pinellia ternata was successfully planted in Xihe County, planting Pinellia ternata has become one of the main sources of local people to shake off poverty and increase economic income. However, as a result of long-term reliance on wild Pinellia ternata for planting, wild resources are on the verge of exhaustion, seed prices remain high, diseases increase year by year, costs increase sharply, benefits decline, and planting area decreases sharply. Aiming at the problems existing in the production of Pinellia ternata, the researchers of the Institute of Economic crops of Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences carried out experimental studies from three aspects: efficient cultivation techniques, disease control and artificial propagation of Pinellia ternata. 13 experiments have been set up successively, and the expected results have been achieved. 1. The experiment of efficient cultivation techniques of Pinellia ternata shows that the sowing period of Pinellia ternata is suitable for winter and spring, and the yield is similar, and the sowing depth has a great influence on the yield. Proper shallow sowing can increase yield by about 50%, plastic film mulching, emergence 20 days earlier than open field, fresh tuber yield 535kg per mu, 82.3kg higher than open field, net output value 478.2 yuan; cultivated in plastic arch shed before seedling emergence, seedling emergence 15 days ahead of time, fresh tuber yield per mu 1083 kg, 202.1 kg higher than open field, net output increased 1482 yuan per mu After emergence (June 12), it was covered with 60% sunshade net, the yield increased by 25.3% per mu, and straw was covered after emergence, which was 15.5% higher than that of the control mu. The planting density has a direct effect on the yield and planting benefit of Pinellia ternata. The optimized cultivation model for high yield and high efficiency of Pinellia ternata is as follows: above medium fertility, the application of pure nitrogen 6.4-7.7 kg per mu, phosphorus oxide 6 kg, potassium oxide 6 kg, sowing amount per mu (0.8-1.2 cm in diameter) 200-250 kg, 252-295 grains per square meter. During the growth period, the number of petioles per mu reached 50 ~ 550000. The production demonstration showed that the average yield per mu was 490.4 kg, which was 40.4 kg higher than that of the control. Second, the main diseases of Pinellia ternata are tuber rot, anthracnose and ring disease. Tuber rot is caused by disease and insect infection. DuPont Fuxing and mixed No. 3 (fungicides and insecticides) have a certain control effect, and the control effect is 5849% at the peak of the disease. The prevention and control measures of soil-borne diseases of Pinellia ternata are as follows: (1) tillage stubble, replanting at an interval of more than 5 years; (2) establishing a breeding base in disease-free areas; (3) spraying manganese fertilizer to strengthen management; (4) soil treatment, mixing 1 kg of methyl isophosphates into poisonous soil or 25 kg of water, spraying evenly on the ground and turning into the soil during soil preparation; 5. Sowing seeds with medicament, sowing with 6000 times of DuPont Fuxing for 10 hours. 6. foliar spraying, near the onset period (the end of May or the beginning of June), foliar spraying with mancozeb 400 times solution, once every 7 to 10 days, 3 times for 4 times. Third, the suitable area and seed stem standard for artificial reproduction of Pinellia ternata. Pinellia ternata mainly uses seeds, bulbs and tubers as propagation materials. Seed propagation can overcome the species degradation caused by long-term asexual reproduction, tissue culture and rapid propagation is beneficial to the purification and selection of Pinellia ternata varieties, and has important use value, which can be propagated five times a year. Adding ginseng powder and Fritillaria powder to the rooting medium is beneficial to rooting and the survival rate of transplanting is high. In production, tubers and bulbs are used to propagate seeds, covering straw before seedling and covering with shade net after emergence. The average number of buds per plant is 3.7-4.1, which is 27.6-41.1% higher than that of propagation in open field. Self-growing seedlings are propagated, and corn is planted after harvest of Pinellia ternata, so that the missing tubers and bulbs of Pinellia ternata can be re-germinated, and 40kg / mu can be dug. The yield of off-site seed reproduction is similar to that of wild species, and artificial seed reproduction can completely replace wild species. It is more economical and reasonable to breed the original seed in different places and to breed in situ. The seed diameter directly affects the yield and planting benefit of Pinellia ternata. The net yield of medium-grain seed with a diameter of 0.8-1.2 cm is the highest, so the standard of seed diameter of Pinellia ternata is 0.8-1.2 cm. Artificial propagation of Pinellia ternata is a natural cross-pollination crop. Artificial propagation, purification and selection, the implementation of the original species-production species two-level breeding. The original seed was propagated by seed, the original field of seedling was established, and the tissue culture technique was used to purify and expand propagation. Bulbs and tubers were used in production.