Shaping and pruning of Honeysuckle

Shaping and pruning

1) shaping: shaping can make the tree have a good three-dimensional structure, with clear primary and secondary, reasonable branch groups at all levels, occupy the largest flowering space, and make the tree show an ideal "umbrella tower shape". In order to facilitate picking and management, the tree height and crown width should be controlled at about 1.3m. Plastic surgery is usually completed in 2 ~ 3 years. Cutting plant shaping: just after the new buds germinated, 2-3 full buds were left at the base of the plant, the rest were removed, and the old branches were cut off at the 1~2cm above the full buds. When the new shoot grows to 30cm, leave the strong branches standing all the time and dry at 15~20cm. The growth rate was accelerated in summer. After two buds appeared in the trunk, the lower buds were all erased, and 3 full buds were left in the proper distance between the upper and middle parts, and the main shoots were cultured. When the main branch reached 20cm, coring was carried out to restrain the height growth, and 3 or 4 lateral branches were cultured on the main branch, which could grow to 8~1Ocm in the same year, and the crown shape could be basically formed when the flowering mother branch was equipped on the lateral branch the next year. Strengthen the management of water and fertilizer, after 3 years, the trunk is as high as 15~20cm, the thickness is up to 3~4cm, the crown width and tree height are more than 1m. 2) pruning: the pruning of honeysuckle is divided into winter shearing and summer shearing, which can be heavy-cut in winter and light in summer. Four methods were used: short cutting, thinning cutting, shrinking cutting and long putting. Adult pier pruning is mainly winter shearing, it is necessary to master the essentials such as getting weak and staying strong, bending and straightening, de-folding and thinning, and determine the number of mother branches according to water and fertilizer conditions; summer pruning is carried out after picking flower buds. The middle-aged flower pier is mainly short-cut periphery, thinning and weak branches, and the old flower pier also needs to be retracted and pruned, using the method of upright and long branches to cultivate a new trunk, renew and rejuvenate, maintain the exuberant vitality of the flower pier, and achieve the goal of high yield year after year. Pruning principles: trunk shaping, light pruning of strong branches, heavy pruning of weak branches, full pruning of withered branches, pruning of all branches, and re-pruning after flowering. Winter shears: should not be premature, because honeysuckle is a semi-evergreen shrub, in early winter, the tree still retains most of its leaves, in the leeward direction of the gully, the leaves can not wither in winter. In order to make full use of light energy and make the tree store more nutrients, winter shearing should be carried out from late December of each year to early spring of the following year. The main purpose of winter shearing is to cut off the branches that grow on the trunk and leave a small number of mother branches that can blossom next year. The young plants can only select 3-5 robust branches and cut off the upper shoot at 3-6 cm. The daily average temperature of honeysuckle is 5. C or so, that is, entering the budding stage, the new shoots begin to grow, so winter shearing should not be too late. If the winter pruning is too late and the nutrients are consumed, it is easy to lose the nutrients stored in the tree and affect the tree potential. Summer scissors: honeysuckle enters its adult stage after four years and blossoms after four or five years. Planting in the plain can harvest four crops of flowers a year, fertilizer and water should be guaranteed, pruning is the key: after picking the buds of each crop, summer shearing is dominated by short cutting, supplemented by thinning. The severity of the cut depends on the growth of the branches, especially on the degree of germination of the axillary buds of the new shoots. Most of the new shoots germinated earlier at 2-6 stem nodes, leaving 3-5 internodes when pruning, and the long branches and strong branches should be heavy and short to the shrunken bud, so that the whole branches germinated the same basically, otherwise, the long branches and strong branches germinated earlier and the short fruit branches germinated late, resulting in inconsistent budding period and non-concentration of flowering period. Adventitious buds are often produced at the base and decentralization of the trunk of honeysuckle in early winter and early spring, and several or more than ten are clustered. This kind of sprouts in the middle and lower parts of the plant should be erased before germination in early spring every year. This kind of buds that have not been erased in time often develop into futile branches and fruit branches, waste nutrients and affect the shape and potential of the tree. 3) the method of pruning is short: cutting off part of the branch is called truncation. The short truncation of honeysuckle is mostly heavy truncation, that is, the branch is cut off by 1 stroke, 2, 2, and 3. The weight of the short section can be determined according to the quality and position of the branch. Winter shearing leaves 3-4 internodes for 1-year-old new shoots and 4-5 internodes for summer shears. Sparse pruning: cutting off annual or perennial branches from the base is called thinning. Honeysuckle has strong germination and branching ability and large number of branches. The amount of pruning should be determined according to the requirements of tree potential development. It generally accounts for 15% to 30% of the plant quantity. To remove disease and insect branches, dry and withered branches, slender branches, cross branches, winding branches, overlapping branches and so on, thinning branches play a certain role in improving light conditions, relaxing tree potential and promoting the formation of fruit branches. However, thinning branches should not be overweight, which will form a large number of overgrown branches and affect the yield. Shearing: shortening perennial branches is called shearing. The general shearing method is to cut off the apical branch at the decentralization of the flowering mother branch. In order to rejuvenate the tree, renew the backbone branches, control the crown width and plant height, and prevent the budding parts from moving out, it is necessary to shrink and cut, so that the branches at all levels can be constantly renewed and the tree potential can be maintained. Long release: that is, the one-year-old branch is not pruned, so that the branch is lengthened and thickened to grow, and the crown is enlarged, which is called long release. Because there is no cut, the long release has no inhibitory effect on the bud, so it can slow down the apical dominance, ease the branch growth, stop growing early, help to accumulate nutrients and accelerate the branch growth. Long growth is limited to shaping young trees and cultivating backbone branches. 4) pruning effect: it has obvious yield increasing effect after pruning. After pruning, the flowering parts of honeysuckle plants increased, the flowering area increased, and the flowering ability was enhanced, resulting in a large number of buds and high yield. According to the test, it can generally increase production by more than 10%.