Introduction to the breeding methods of Clematis

Clematis originated in China. At present, there are about 300 clematis varieties in the world. Clematis can not only be used for garden appreciation, but also has a certain medicinal value, but also has the reputation of "Liana Flower Queen". Some flower friends like to plant clematis themselves. The editor will introduce you to the breeding methods of clematis.

Clematis clematis

Sowing: the original seed can be propagated by sowing. Seeds of the type unearthed from cotyledons (achene is smaller and the pericarp is thinner) can germinate in 4 weeks if sown in spring. Sow in autumn and germinate when spring is warm. Cotyledon retained soil type seeds (larger, thicker seed coat) can only germinate after a low-temperature vernalization stage, and the first pair of true leaves are born; some species have to go through two low-temperature stages to germinate, such as rotator lotus. For vernalization treatment, if the seeds were refrigerated with 0Mel 3 ℃ for 40 days, it would take about 9-10 months for them to germinate. It can also be treated with a certain concentration of gibberellin.

Crimping: in March, use last year's mature branches to crimp. It usually takes root within a year.

Grafting: a hybrid of clematis that can be split onto C.vitalba or C.viticella rootstock by a single scion. There are 2 buds on the node and 5-10cm under the node. Grafting in a heated and airtight grafting box is easy to promote survival.

Ramet: tufted plant, which can be ramified.

Cutting: the hybrid clematis cultivation variety takes cutting as the main propagation method. The semi-mature branches were taken from July to August and intercepted in the middle of the internodes (that is, the upper and lower nodes), with 2 buds on the nodes. The medium is made of peat and sand in half. The cutting depth is just above the bud on the node. The base temperature is 15 ℃ 18 min. After rooting, put up a 3-inch basin and spend the winter in an anti-freezing hotbed or greenhouse. Change the 5-inch basin in spring and move it out of the room. Shade and showers are needed in summer and planted at the end of October.

How to cultivate Clematis and breeding methods of Clematis

Clematis, alias is clematis peony, gold and silver. Most of them are deciduous or green herbaceous vines, flowering from early spring to late autumn, and bear fruit in summer. Clematis can be used for gardening and medicine. Clematis has always been known as "Liana Flower Queen". Let's take a look at how to breed it.

Herbaceous lianas, ca. 1 × 2 m. Stem brown or purplish red, with six longitudinal lines, nodes dilated, sparsely pubescent. Compound leaves 2-Ternate, with petiole up to 12 cm long; leaflets narrowly ovate to lanceolate, 2-6 cm long, 1-2 cm wide, apex obtuse, base rounded or broadly cuneate, margin entire, extremely rare and divided, both surfaces not hairy, veins obscure; petiolules clearly visible, short or up to 1 cm long; petiole 4 cm long.

Flowers solitary in leaf axils; pedicels ca. 6 × 11 cm, nearly glabrous, with a pair of leafy bracts in the middle and lower parts; bracts broadly ovoid or ovate-triangular, 2-3 cm long, base sessile or shortly stipitate, yellow pilose; flowers spreading, ca. 5 cm in diam. Sepals 6, white, Obovate or spatulate, up to 3 cm long, ca. 1.5 cm wide, tip pointed, base attenuate, inner surface glabrous, outside forming a linear lanceolate band along three straight midribs, densely tomentose, margin glabrous; stamens purplish red, filaments broadly linear, glabrous, anthers lateral, rectangular rounded, shorter than filaments Ovary narrowly ovate, yellowish pilose, style short, distal glabrous, stigma dilated capitate, slightly 2-lobed.

Achenes Obovate, flattened, margin thickened, persistent style elongated into beak, slender, distally spreading pubescent, distal glabrous, inflated stigma 2-lobed. Flowering from January to February and fruiting from March to April.

Culture of clematis:

1. How to choose clematis

It is very important to select clematis seedlings, first of all, to select a good variety, there are many varieties proved to be relatively weak varieties, such as pale, Patricia, Hongxing, Kyoko, Zizi pills and many others. So beginners must choose carefully. Second, choose a good seller.

2. How to match the soil

The medium is the most important in the pot culture of clematis, and a major principle is to breathable and moisturize. Based on this principle, some flower friends combine the soil of those big names and think that it is the best. The economical and economical soil allocation method is to use coconut bran 3, peat 1, perlite 1 to mix soil. Of course, volcanic rock, deer marsh soil, ceramsite, bark and other large particle media can also be added. Coconut bricks are cheap, and crude fiber is the most breathable and easy to wet. Peat can help conserve water. Perlite is also used for ventilation. It is best not to put organic fertilizer in the first year, and it is best to put in some slow-release fertilizer. When you change the basin in the next autumn, you can add the right amount of organic fertilizer to the bottom, but separate it from the roots. Make sure you don't use organic fertilizer. Usually when watering, you can add doxorubicin, flowers, Biwang and other watering.

Whether the soil is good or not can be judged by the speed at which the water flows away, that is, after the soil is mixed, fill it with water in a 1-gallon basin. If the water is gone after you pour it into it, it means the soil is ready. And clematis should be planted shallowly in spring, especially in the south. The junction of the rhizome had better be exposed. Because the air humidity is high in the southern spring, if the small iron cover soil is in the weakest part of the rhizome junction, it is easy to be invaded by bacteria, resulting in withering. You can put some ceramsite to cover the joint of the root and stem, which is not only beautiful but also can protect them. (Xiaobian suggests not to put too much, hot and humid spring will increase the reproduction of bacteria.) when autumn comes, clematis can be buried deep, allowing them to take root in multiple layers, so as to prevent them from recovering faster after withering.

3. Watering and pest management

In many cases, clematis are killed by water. It is fleshy root and is afraid of stagnant water. But I like to keep it wet. Therefore, it is generally necessary to control water in winter, basically once every half a month. It should be watered more often every three days in summer. In summer, because the weather is too hot, it is best to feed water from the tray in the morning. You can't water it directly at noon, or the roots will rot. Watering is the principle of getting wet when dry. Don't water it every day. Watering can be more casual in spring and autumn, because clematis are exuberant and use water quickly. The so-called watering thoroughly when dry does not mean that it takes a lot of water to see it flow out, and it does not have to be watered repeatedly with a lot of water. In addition, it is afraid of water, because its roots are generally very small, obviously similar to geraniums.

Clematis is most afraid of withering. Fusarium wilt is like a human cold. So far there is no absolute prevention. But in the uncertain spring season in the south, it is best to use carbendazim or potassium permanganate to prevent clematis from wilting. Plant ash is also a good preventive material. The old farmer told the editor that when there were no organic pesticides in the past, they used plant ash to sprinkle on pods and other plants when it was foggy in the morning, which could effectively prevent wilt and insect pests. After wilting occurs, you should first water a small amount to see if it is caused by lack of water. But if you still wilt after watering for a night, you can be sure it is withered. The top should be knocked off immediately, the leaves should be cut off, observed in Shunteng, until you find a place that has withered and blackened, click directly with scissors. Withered vines can also be cut directly after pruning. After pruning, the withered clematis should be sterilized with carbendazim or potassium permanganate and put in a cool place for a week to slow down the seedlings and wait for new buds. But in general, it is difficult to recover after one-year seedlings withered, and iron seedlings for more than two years must be able to sprout new buds, so generally small seedlings wither, you have to be psychologically prepared to buy new seedlings, and big seedlings you can totally wait.

4. Pruning

There is no absolute rule for clematis pruning. But generally speaking, if you do not need to keep the seeds after flowering, you can cut off the three branches of the flower and cut them. Clematis go dormant in autumn and winter and should be pruned immediately. Small seedlings can generally be cut off from the soil, while large seedlings can leave strong branches. Especially double such as Dani, North Pole, Josephine, Crystal should leave old branches.

5. Winter treatment

Most clematis can spend the winter in the open air in the south, and there is no problem with iron in the north. In winter, if it is a small seedling, it should be covered with dried peat or coconut chaff after pruning. Large seedlings can generally be placed at will. The most important thing in winter is to control water. In fact, just spray some water on the surface of peat or coconut bran, do not flood. After clematis sprouts, the pots can be changed. Put some fermented organic fertilizer at the bottom of the new basin, remember a small amount. Put a new layer of media before you can put clematis. In general, clematis for 1 year had better not be changed casually. Be sure to remember not to change the big pot, do not put organic fertilizer, you can add the right amount of mixed fertilization.

6. Clematis planted in the ground

Clematis is suitable for planting. In the south, young and strong seedlings can go to the ground, but in the north, more than 2 seedlings should be chosen. The editor suggested that the method of raising seedlings under the basin should be used, and the effect was very good. Is to make more holes in the strength of the basin floor, so that the clematis root system can feel the earth atmosphere and can be drilled out of the basin floor. You can keep it in a blackcurrant basin or a two-color basin without worrying about destroying it. The reason why this method is very good is that the first iron accepts the essence of heaven and earth, and the second basin wall is higher than the surrounding, which can effectively prevent stagnant water. The soil is rarely withered, and it will also bring you the shock of unsurpassed firecrackers. As long as there is no stagnant water and there are not too many insects, we can let go and not manage too much. After all, clematis are improved from wild iron. There are many benefits for iron to return to nature.

Propagation method of Clematis

Sowing, striping, grafting, ramet or cutting propagation can be done.

Sowing seeds

The original seed can be propagated by sowing. Seeds of the type unearthed from cotyledons (smaller achenes and thinner pericarp) can germinate in about 3-4 weeks if sown in spring. Sow in autumn and germinate when spring is warm. Cotyledon retained soil type seeds (larger, thicker seed coat) can only germinate after a low-temperature vernalization stage, and the first pair of true leaves are born; some species have to go through two low-temperature stages to germinate, such as rotator lotus. For vernalization treatment, if the seeds were refrigerated with 0-3 ℃ for 40 days, it would take about 9-10 months to germinate. It can also be treated with a certain concentration of gibberellin.

1. Spring sowing

Spring sowing seeds should be treated with sprouting. Soak the seeds in 40 ℃ warm water for 24 hours, remove and dry, sow and sprout, wait for most of the seeds to "spit white" and then sow. Generally speaking, the suitable sowing time is early April in northern Xinjiang and early March in southern Xinjiang. Fine soil preparation before sowing to achieve flat terrain and fine broken soil. Then make a ridge to make a border, the border is 6m long and 4m wide. Clematis usually use strip sowing, row spacing 50~60cm, trench depth 2cm, soil cover after sowing, thickness 1.5cm, slightly suppressed.

2. Autumn sowing

Autumn sowing is directly sown without sprouting, usually in early November. Seedlings emerged in the spring of the following year. Autumn sowing is generally neat and grows faster than spring sowing.

Pressing strip

One-year-old mature branches were used for striping in March. It usually takes root within a year.

Ramet

Tufted plants, which can be divided.

Cuttage

Cutting is the main propagation method for hybrid clematis. The semi-mature branches were taken from July to August and intercepted in the middle of the internodes (that is, the upper and lower nodes), with 2 buds on the nodes. The medium is made of peat and sand in half. The cutting depth is just above the bud on the node. The base temperature is 15: 18 ℃. After rooting, put up a 3-inch basin and spend the winter in an anti-freezing hotbed or greenhouse. Change the 4-inch 5-inch basin in spring and move it outside. Shade and showers are needed in summer and planted at the end of October.

Pot technology

Seed and seedling selection

Because the root system of clematis is not competitive enough, it is necessary to choose plants with full roots, multi-stem and strong dark green when selecting seedlings.

Prepare substrate before planting

Generally, fertile and well-drained substrates can be used to grow clematis. We chose the matrix in which peat and perlite were mixed at the ratio of 3:1 or 2:1, the EC value of the matrix was controlled at 60 ~ 80mg / kg and the pH value was between 5.8 and 6.5.

Support: the final size and growth of clematis are related to the support, which should be small (smaller than 1.5cm in diameter) so that the petiole can be wound. The support can be made of thin bamboo pole or plastic barbed wire, with a height of between 1m and 2m.

Basin: the basin should be at least 35cm deep and 25~30cm wide. Of course, the bigger the better. Pots are best made of wood or pottery, which is not only beautiful, but also conducive to the growth of clematis roots.

Planting

Cutting the stem of Clematis to the height of 30cm before planting is beneficial to its branching and can avoid stem damage during planting. Clematis stem base should be deep below the soil surface 3~5cm, plant placed in the appropriate depth, cover the soil, compaction, watering.

Clematis roots like cool environment. Covering with thick 3~5cm mulch (such as bark, moss, etc.) on the planting substrate can provide a good and cool root environment, which is beneficial to the growth of plant roots.

The planting time is from March to May or from September to October.

After reading the above introduction of clematis culture and breeding methods, do you know more about clematis culture and reproduction? if you want to know more about clematis, please continue to pay attention.

The Culture method of Clematis Clematis is Clematis easy to raise

I wonder if you like to raise a few small plants at home? Despite the fact that some plants are so small, they have a lot of functions. Not only can purify the air, but also beautiful can play a decorative role, there are some plants also have medicinal effects, the role is very many. Clematis is one of them. The editor is here to introduce clematis to you today.

What is clematis

Clematis, also known as clematis, passionflower, etc., belong to Ranunculaceae and Clematis. Most of them are deciduous or evergreen herbaceous vines, flowering from early spring to late autumn and fruiting in summer.

II. Clematis varieties

There are most varieties of clematis. Let's take a look at several common ones. Xiangyun: Polish variety, relatively strong, medium growth. The florescence is very long, with large white flowers, and its midline is light pink. Jersey: it is also a Polish variety with high flower yield and long flowering period. The flowers are like white silk, with a light green center line when they bloom, brown anthers and white filaments. Bingjiao: it grows luxuriantly and belongs to a free flowering variety. The petals are pearl-white with purple stripes at the back, and the stamens are yellowish green and grow well in full light.

III. Culture methods of clematis

To raise clematis well, drainage is the most important step. Clematis itself does not have high requirements for substrates, so it does not require everyone to use soilless substrates, and ordinary soil can also have a good harvest. However, we should remember that the basic drainage should be good, and the clayey soil should not be used, otherwise it should be improved by adding a little tile, tile basin debris, perlite and so on, which can improve the drainage capacity of the matrix. In addition, it is recommended that you choose tile pot cultivation instead of plastic basin, because the tile basin has micropores on its surface to help remove excess water from the matrix, which is important to you if you are very humid in summer in the south. There are irrigation methods also determine the root morphology of clematis, we should maintain a "dry and wet" habit, that is to say, clematis are irrigated only when there is a lack of water, so that the roots will be very strong.

The above is the common species of clematis has been clematis culture methods, I believe that smart you must have learned it! The root and grass of clematis can be used as diuresis, promote blood circulation and relieve pain, and the effect is very significant. Interested friends might as well plant a few pots at home!