The method of sowing and raising seedlings of seven-leaf tree

The seven-leaf tree has many functions, and it is one of the famous ornamental tree species in the world, which can be planted alone or in groups, and it is also an excellent street tree and garden ornamental plant. If the courtyard is relatively large, you can choose to plant seven-leaf trees to adjust the courtyard style. The editor will introduce to you the common breeding methods of seven-leaf trees.

Seven-leaf tree

First, sowing and reproduction

The seven-leaf tree is mainly sown and propagated. Because the seeds are not resistant to storage, such as drying, it is easy to lose vitality, so the seeds should be picked in time after maturity and sowed with picking. From September to October, when the fruit turns dark brown and cracked, it can be collected, spread out for 1 or 2 days after collection, and can be used for sowing after peeling off.

2. Methods of raising seedlings

Select loose, fertile, convenient drainage and irrigation areas, apply enough base fertilizer to prepare the bed, and then dig holes for sowing. The seed of the seven-leaf tree is larger, about 40 per kilogram, and grows rapidly after emergence. The row spacing of the plant on demand should be 30 × 40 (cm), and the depth of the hole is 8 × 10 cm. When sowing, the seed should be navel down, because the emergence capacity of the seedlings is weak, so the soil cover should not be too deep, not more than 3cm, and then covered with grass to moisturize. Whether sowing in autumn or spring, the bed should be kept moist during the emergence of seeds. Germinate 25-30 days after sowing. When the seedlings are unearthed, uncover the grass in time. In order to prevent sunburn seedlings, but also need to build a shed for shade, and often spray water, so that seedlings thrive, the growth process generally does not need pruning and shaping, when the weather is dry, pay attention to watering. Generally, the height of one-year-old seedlings can reach 80~100cm, and after transplanting, the height of 3 ~ 4-year-old seedlings can be used for landscaping.

The technology of sowing and raising seedlings of seven-leaf tree, also known as spinulosa, seven-leaf maple and banyan tree, is an excellent tree species selected for forest tourism scenic spots and landscaping. Now the techniques of sowing and raising seedlings are introduced as follows.

1. The capsule of the seven-leaf tree matured from September to October and was harvested when it was light brown in the first and middle of September. Keep the pericarp of the fruit in case it loses too much water. Remove fruit stalks and sundries for sand storage.

two。 Seeds can be stored after storage and harvest. In the shade high dry place to dig the depth, width of each 50 cm, long depending on the amount of seed storage ditch. The bottom of the ditch is covered with 10 cm thick tidal sand, a grass handle is placed in the ditch every 1 meter, the lower end is flat with the bottom of the ditch, and the upper end is 20 cm higher than the ground. The collected seeds with pericarp are mixed with 3 times wet sand into the ditch, the humidity of the sand is 60% of the saturated water holding capacity, and the mixed sand seeds are 30 cm thick. When the seeds are about 10 cm from the ground, fill them with wet sand to slightly higher than the ground, and strictly prevent Rain Water from invading. The temperature is high in the early stage of storage, it should be checked frequently, and the moldy seeds should be disposed of in time. Cover the soil before freezing, 10-20 cm above the ground, so that the seed temperature in the pit is kept at about 5 ℃. Open the cellar to dry every 30 days, pick it out in the morning, bask in the sun for several hours, pick up the spoiled seeds at the same time, and store them in the afternoon according to the original method.

3. Seed germination in the leeward to the sun to make a flat bed, 120 cm wide, 20 cm deep, depending on the number of seeds. A small plastic arch is built above it. In late February, sift out the sand seeds, peel off the peel and rinse with clean water for many times. After the seeds are dried, soak the seeds in 0.15% formalin solution for 20 minutes, soak the seeds with a plastic cover for 30 minutes, rinse with clean water, mix the seeds with 3 times wet sand, pour into a flat bed with a thickness of 15 cm, cover with 5 cm wet sand, cover tightly with plastic film, keep the temperature at 25 ℃ 30 ℃, cover the grass at night, and begin to germinate in about 15 days.

4. Sowing and selecting sandy loam with good drainage and irrigation conditions as seedling ground. During soil preparation, 5000 kg of rotten organic fertilizer was applied for every 15 ha (1 mu), 20 kg of ferrous sulfate was added for soil disinfection, and 3 kg of 5% phoxim was applied to eliminate underground pests. The beds were formed and the seeds were sown in the first and middle of March. Fill enough bottom water, use strip-on-demand sowing, plant row spacing 15 cm × 25 cm. In order to promote the lateral root, the root tip of the radicle can be cut off with a sterilized blade, the navel is downward, and the soil is 4 cm thick, slightly suppressed, flattened after sowing and covered in an arch shed. The seedlings began to emerge in 20 days and emerged in 40-45 days. After proper tending and management, the height of seedlings can reach 50-80 cm in November of that year.

Cultivation techniques of seven-leaf tree sowing and propagation of seven-leaf tree

The seven-leaf tree, also known as clover, clover, Tianshi chestnut, pistachio, monkey chestnut, etc., is a deciduous tree of the family Aesculaceae. The seeds are edible, but they taste bitter and astringent and need to be boiled in alkaline water before eating, such as chestnut, starch can also be extracted, fine wood can be used to make a variety of utensils, seeds can be used as medicine, oil can be pressed to make soap, let's take a look at the cultivation techniques of the seven-leaf tree!

Growth habit of Aesculus chinensis

The seven-leaf tree is cultivated in the Yellow River basin and the eastern provinces of China, only wild in the Qinling Mountains, naturally distributed in the mountains below 700 meters above sea level, and is an excellent street tree and garden tree in the Yellow River basin. Like light, slightly resistant to shade, like warm climate, can also withstand cold, like deep, fertile, moist and well-drained soil. It has deep roots, strong sprouting power, moderate and slow growth rate, long life span, and leaves are prone to sunburn in hot summer.

Sowing and propagation of seven-leaf tree

1. Seed collection: the outer skin of the fruit of the seven-leaf tree changes from green to brown in mid-autumn, and individual fruits can be collected when they are cracked. The fruit was dried in the shade after collection, peeled off after natural cracking, and finally selected a large, full, bright color, no diseases and insect pests, no mechanical damage seed, the selected pure seeds were mixed with wet sand according to the proportion of 1 ∶ 3, and then stored in the soil pit with good wet drainage by wet reservoir stratification method, and left ventilation holes.

2. Nursery site preparation: select neutral or slightly acidic sandy loam with deep and fertile soil layer and good drainage as seedling creeping ground, turn deeply two or three months before sowing, remove impurities and air moisture, and carefully prepare the ground before sowing to make the ground flat and uniform in thickness. The rotting fermented cow and horse manure was applied as base fertilizer at the dosage of 2500 kg / mu, and then the soil was disinfected with pentachloronitrobenzene.

3. Sowing method: generally use spring sowing, carried out in late March, strip-on-demand sowing, plant row spacing is 20 cm × 25 cm, depth is 3 cm to 4 cm, seed navel is down when sowing, soil cover is 4 cm, cover soil and border surface are flat, tread gently with foot, sowing rate is 150 kg / mu.

4. Post-sowing management: the soil should be kept moist before germination and unearthed a month later. Weeding should be done in time to ensure that there are no weeds in the seedling field. When the seedling height is 25 cm, loosen the soil, weed, and grow seedlings in cloudy and rainy days. Seedling growth period, but also often keep the nursery moist, from the seedlings unearthed to the first ten days of June is the high growth period of the seven-leaf tree, it is necessary to increase the amount of water. The period from July to August is the Lignification period of seven-leaf seedlings, so the amount of water should be reduced to promote the growth and Lignification of seedlings.

Cultivation techniques of Aesculus chinensis

1. Planting pit: the main root of the seven-leaf tree is deep, but the lateral root is few, so it is a tree species that is not tolerant to transplant, so it must take soil ball when transplanting, and the diameter of the soil ball is 6 to 8 times of the DBH of the tree. When planting a seven-leaf tree, its leaves should fall behind before it sprouts in early spring or at the end of autumn. In order to improve the survival rate of planting, the planting pit should be dug as large as possible before planting, which is beneficial to the growth of plants. When planting, should be careful not to be too deep, too deep can easily lead to stuffy buds, generally speaking, the planting depth can be slightly higher than 3 cm to 5 cm of the upper epidermis of the soil ball, and the backfill should be layered and solid when planting.

2. Watering: immediately after planting, water should be watered twice after a week, and then watered three times in about 10 days. After the three water can be watered according to soil moisture, generally can be watered once a month, July and August is a period of abundant precipitation, can be less watering or no watering, September and October can each be watered once, and fully watered at the end of November or early December. In the early spring of the following year, thawing water should be fully watered. April and May are the dry period in spring, the spring monsoon lasts for a long time, and the wind is strong, and the transpiration of the plant is larger, so the watering frequency can be increased, which can be watered once every 15 days, and then watered once a month.

3. Fertilization: seven-leaf trees like fertilizer, so sufficient base fertilizer should be applied before planting, and it is appropriate to use farm manure such as cow and horse manure and rotten leaf fertilizer. Although these fertilizers are small, they are soft and good for improving the looseness of the soil. The base fertilizer should be fully mixed with the planted soil. Sufficient fertilizer can accelerate its growth rate and improve the plant's resistance to diseases and insect pests. In addition to applying base fertilizer during planting, fertilizers should also be applied throughout the growing period, including some large street trees.

4. Pruning: the reshaping and pruning of the seven-leaf tree should be carried out every year after falling leaves in winter or before germination in the following spring. Because the crown of the seven-leaf tree is a natural round head shape, it is better to maintain the original crown shape. Shaping and pruning is mainly based on the principle of keeping the crown beautiful, ventilated and transparent, thinning the overdense branches and truncating the overlong branches to make the branches distribute evenly and grow healthily. It is also necessary to cut off dry and withered branches, disease and insect branches, inner bore branches, slender branches and poor growth branches, which is conducive to the concentrated supply of nutrients and form a good crown.