Key points of sowing and cutting Propagation of Liriodendron mandshurica

Liriodendron mandshurica, also known as Liriodendron mandshurica, has a very special shape and has a good name of "Chinese tulip tree". It is a very precious street tree and courtyard ornamental tree in China. However, the breeding of Liriodendron mandshurica is difficult, and the survival rate is relatively low, so the popularization rate in our country is getting lower and lower.

Liriodendron chinense

I. seed propagation

Reproduce with seeds. Artificial pollination must be used. After seed collection and selection in autumn, the seeds were accumulated in the middle layer of wet sand for the winter, and sowed and raised seedlings in the following spring. In the third year, the seedling height is more than 1 meter and can be planted in the nursery. Woodland and landscaping land must choose places that are deep, fertile and well drained. The root should be protected when transplanting.

1. Seed collection

The mother tree should choose 15-30-year-old trees with strong growth. The seeds of Liriodendron mandshurica mature in October and should be harvested when the fruit is brown. After cutting off the fruit branches, leave them in the shade for about 10 days, then let them dry in the sun for 2 to 3 days, wait for the winged nutlets to separate themselves, remove impurities, and store them in a cloth bag.

2. Raising seedlings

The nursery land should choose sandy loam which is sheltered from the wind and sunny, the soil is deep, fertile, moist and well drained. Turn deeply in late autumn and early winter, apply basic fertilizer to level off the following spring, dig a good drainage ditch, build a high bed, and the direction of the seedbed is east-west. There are two ways of raising seedlings: sowing and cutting.

Sowing seedlings using strip sowing, strip spacing 20~25cm. Sowing amount 10~15kg per mu. The seeds were sown in early March, and then covered with fine soil and straw. Generally, seedlings emerge after 20-30 days, and then uncover the grass, pay attention to timely ploughing and weeding, moderate shading, timely irrigation and fertilization. The height of 1-year-old seedlings can reach 40cm.

3. Planting

It is usually planted in the first and middle of March. It should be chosen in the middle and lower part of the shady valleys and hillsides. Garden greening and street tree cultivation should choose areas with deep, fertile and moist soil. The planting land was cleaned completely at the end of autumn and the beginning of winter, and the hole diameter was 60~80cm, deep 50~60cm. After fertilizing and returning to the soil in the first and middle March of the following year, the seedlings were usually 2 years old. After seedling emergence, attention should be paid to prevent the water loss of seedlings and protect the root system. As far as possible, the row spacing should be 2 × 2m~2 × 3m.

4. Management

After planting, weeding, fertilization and soil cultivation were carried out in time, and pruning was carried out at the end of autumn and the beginning of winter every year. And pay attention to the control of diseases and insect pests. The main disease of Liriodendron mandshurica is sunburn. The main pests are leaf roll moth, big bag moth and so on. Leaf roll moths can be controlled by artificially cutting off withered shoots, killing larvae and pupae, or spraying 1000 times of dichlorvos emulsion at the adult stage. The large bag moth can be controlled by removing the insect bag manually, or by spraying larvae with 800 / 1000 times of 90% trichlorfon.

2. Cutting propagation

In addition to sowing and raising seedlings, Liriodendron can also be raised by cutting. In the south of Henan Province, hardwood cuttings are often used, and the method of raising seedlings is easy to learn and easy to master. In late February of the following year after defoliation, strong mother trees were selected and thick branches of more than 5mm were cut as cuttings. The ear length was about 15 cm. Each ear should have 2 to 3 full buds, cut flat at the lower end, and inserted into the soil at a row spacing of 20 cm × 30 cm. Soak in rooting powder for about 30 minutes before cutting. Cuttings should be inserted with picking, shading facilities should be provided after insertion, and water spraying should be done frequently. The seedling rate of this method can reach 80%, and the annual seedling can grow to more than 80 cm, which can also be afforestation.

An example of Rapid Propagation of Fruit trees

An example of Rapid Propagation of Fruit trees

1. Rapid propagation of fruit trees

1. Peach is basically propagated by grafting, and the breeding time is 1-2 years, the propagation efficiency is not high, and the promotion speed of fine varieties is slow, so it is difficult to meet the urgent needs of industrial development for new varieties. In addition, some peach varieties need to use specific rootstocks to improve their characters or improve the suitability of peach trees, such as GF677, which is resistant to continuous cropping, needs to be propagated by nutrients, which is usually cultivated by tissue culture, which is difficult to popularize. There are also some cultivation models, such as the platform cutting system in grassland orchards, which need to be cultivated by rapid propagation and self-rooted seedlings. In addition, the production of peach rapid propagation self-rooted seedlings has the excellent characteristics of early fruiting and early high yield. The implementation of these technologies must use a simple and practical rapid propagation technology to meet the special needs of seedlings in production. This paper briefly introduces the application of plant non-test-tube cloning technology in peach trees and the operation procedure of rapid propagation. 2. Female parent culture and material pretreatment peach is a variety which is difficult to root and cultivate under conventional conditions, which is related to the plant species and stage physiological conditions. Although there are many varieties of peach, the rooting difficulties and characteristics of various varieties are different. However, after the use of non-test-tube rapid propagation technology, this difference can be minimized and the operation standard can be unified. Only by understanding the obstacle factors of peach rooting can we formulate a rapid propagation plan and the factors that affect peach rooting. Different varieties cause different rooting, and the difference of varieties is ultimately the difference of growth characteristics, which can be reflected by the difference of physiological state of materials in vitro. Therefore, no matter what variety, we should first carry on the unified standard mode management of the mother garden, in order to reduce the variety difference.

A more consistent rooting effect was obtained. In addition, the differences of different growth stages, dormant period and growth period of female parent, as well as the differences of branch age and leaf age, lead to the physiological differences of in vitro materials, which can also be solved by maternal management and pretreatment. Based on the analysis of peach varieties and strains, the corresponding countermeasures are drawn up. Peaches of northern strains often need high cold capacity and have a deep degree of dormancy in winter, while southern varieties have shallow dormancy and low cold capacity, which leads to the deep dormancy. It is also the ecological adaptability formed in the process of evolution in different regions, which achieves the purpose of deep dormancy through the content of abscisic acid in the body. Endogenous abscisic acid can be artificially regulated by management and technical measures, such as rapid propagation in the dormant period after defoliation, it is best to use artificial cooling before rapid propagation, and then rapid propagation after breaking dormancy treatment, otherwise the survival rate is very low. In the growing season, the factors affecting rooting are mainly the differences caused by the accumulation of endogenous hormones and carbon sources, which are shown by the different degrees and positions of shoot tenderness, which can be achieved by coring the shoot in the mother garden or by applying pp333 chemical control measures, and the endogenous growth hormone can also be improved by means of fertilizer and water to promote growth and heavy cutting to promote sprouting. Or combined with exogenous spraying gibberellin and auxin to regulate plant growth and development. In a word, the cultivation of female parent plants with sufficient nutrition, strong shoots and thick green leaves is the key to achieve efficient and rapid propagation of various varieties. In addition, for in vitro materials, some auxiliary measures can also be combined to achieve the purpose of appropriate regulation, such as magnetized water incision treatment, can improve the survival rate, VB treatment can accelerate the role of endogenous hormones to manifest, the incision sugar supplement treatment can increase the total sugar of young materials and promote the activation of incision cells. The northern varieties with deep dormancy can also be treated with running water to reduce endogenous abscisic acid and other rooting-inhibiting substances. It can also be treated with high concentration of exogenous IBA, such as 1000ppm treatment for 1 to 2 hours, the varieties which are very difficult to root can take root, and the peach varieties which are easy to root can be dipped in 10 to 15 seconds, while the materials with leaves can propagate rapidly in the growing season, and the ideal effect can be achieved only by 100~200ppm indole butyric acid treatment.

3. Inoculation rapid propagation and nursery bed management the in vitro materials treated with chemicals are propagated rapidly in the intelligent seedbed based on perlite. The low temperature of the substrate in early spring is the limiting factor affecting rooting. The heating hotline laid at the bottom of the seedbed is started and the temperature is controlled above 15 ℃. Under such a substrate temperature environment, the in vitro materials are inoculated for 5 days. The primary root primordium is differentiated from the parenchyma cells of the secondary phloem on the outside of the cambium, and the primary root is formed at 15-20 days, and can be transplanted after 25-30 days of seedling training. The in vitro materials of green branches propagate rapidly in summer, and the limited high temperature of air temperature is 35 ℃. When the temperature is more than 35 ℃, the in vitro materials of green branches begin to develop root primordium in 7-10 days, part of the root primordia protrude the cortex to form roots in 10-15 days, basically form roots in 15-20 days, and transplant after seedling refining in 20-25 days. In the process of rooting, most of the fast rooting materials are sturdy materials with sufficient nutrient accumulation, and the materials with good photosynthetic function of leaves, because a large amount of soluble sugar is needed to participate in metabolism in the process of rooting in order to activate the root primordium gene. Therefore, for some peach varieties that are difficult to root, magnetic water treatment can be used to improve the activity of α-amylase and has a good catalytic function for rooting. Coupled with the comprehensive effect of magnetized seedbed and magnetized fog, some varieties which are difficult to take root in ordinary environment can also be effectively solved. In nursery bed management, it is generally only necessary to start the expert mode of the intelligent control system. If some tender materials are encountered, they can also be forcibly supplemented with carbonated water and oxygen-rich water to promote their rooting. In daily management, if some fallen leaves or rotten materials should be cleaned in time, and disinfected with electric functional water around, local pouring method should be used to prevent cross-infection.

4. Technical summary No matter what varieties and strains of peach, as long as we understand its rooting characteristics, analyze the limiting factors, and formulate the corresponding operation procedures and solutions, we can achieve more than 80% rooting survival rate, some more difficult rooting varieties, usually take the strong childlike seedlings as the female parent, to achieve seedling propagation, rooting genes can be activated. And with the increase of cyclic algebra, the rooting time will be shorter and shorter, this rooting characteristic, whether on peach or other fruit trees follow this rule. Longan seedlings are usually raised by grafting, the speed is slow and the rootstock affinity is not good, but the phenomenon of premature senescence is serious, the survival rate of high pressure seedlings is low, and the damage to the mother tree is too great, the reproduction coefficient is not high and so on. In view of the above problems, the non-test-tube cloning technology was successfully studied, which could be out of the nursery about one year earlier than that of grafted seedlings. It can effectively improve the seedling rate and propagation coefficient, and greatly accelerate the demand for seedlings in the industrialization development of longan. Longan is a variety that is extremely difficult to root, mainly because it contains a lot of substances that inhibit rooting, and its rooting type is callus rooting type. it takes about 60-80 days to transplant in the seedbed, so it is stricter than other seedlings in terms of management and production cost. The in vitro material collection garden with seedlings as female parent can be adopted and established for difficult rooting plants, and fine management should be carried out to promote strong branches as in vitro materials. When the light is too strong in summer, it is necessary to shade the female parent, that is, to cover the sunshade net, which is more effective for reducing the inhibition of rooting substances in the body. In addition, the gene activation treatment of the female parent tree before the rapid growth should be carried out, and the leaf surface fertilizer or growth hormone should be sprayed on the leaf surface, so that the in vitro materials can be in the dominant vitality state.

When the in vitro material is made, it is better to use the double bud material with 2-3 leaflets, especially for this variety containing anti-rooting substance, but the single bud should not be too small, because the in vitro material of single bud is too small. the poor adaptability and resistance to the changes of external environment undoubtedly bring difficulties to the management of seedling bed for a long time. The double bud material with 2-3 leaflets is the best. When making materials, they are the same as other plants, but when taking materials, we must choose semi-lignified materials, that is, light green, dark green and light brown materials, Lignification should not be too high, the higher the degree of Lignification, the more inhibitory substances accumulated in the body. When the in vitro material is treated with 200ppm's IBA for 1-2 hours, it is best to use magnetized water to prepare rooting promoting liquid, so the effect will be better. The treated material is immediately multiplied in the intelligent fast-growing seedling bed based on perlite, and the system setting can be adjusted. During the management period, in addition to routine management, IBA solution of 1~5ppm can be sprayed to the leaves every 7 to 10 days, which can be supplemented with nutrient solution, and sodium nitrophenol of 1~3ppm can also be added into nutrition as a cell activator, which can promote cell activation and quickly restore division and differentiation. Under the strong light and high temperature in summer, it is also necessary to use a sunshade net for moderate shading, with a transmittance of 60% to 70%. At the same time, oxygen-rich water and carbonated water should be replenished periodically. After the above comprehensive technical measures, the general longan rooting survival rate can also reach more than 80%, which is currently used for longan asexual seedling cultivation, the highest survival rate of a propagation technology, can be popularized and popularized in production.

The seedlings used in the cultivation of papaya, such as those made from seeds sown and germinated, are called seedlings. So far, no matter which variety papaya is cultivated, seedlings are used. Due to the complexity of genetic factors, the characters of seedlings in papaya varieties vary greatly due to the different plant characters between male and female parents when sowing. For example, Tainong 2 is a first-generation hybrid, and hermaphroditic plants are used as male parents and female plants as female parents. 50% of the seeds of its offspring are hermaphroditic and 50% female. If the character of the parental plant is changed, the sex of the seedling varies greatly. Hermaphroditic plants, female plants or male plants all have the opportunity to appear. So far, the identification of the plant characters of these seedlings is still indistinguishable, and must wait until the growth to the flowering stage.

In general, when farmers cultivate papaya, bisexual plants no longer need artificial pollination to bear fruit, while female plants lack stamen pollen, so artificial pollination is necessary. Due to the consumption market of papaya fresh fruit, the bisexual fruit (vulgar spring fruit) produced by bisexual plants is preferred and the price is high, while the female fruit (commonly known as mother fruit) of female plants is less popular with consumers because of its thin flesh and seeds. Therefore, when planting the same papaya varieties, we should double the planting density and cut off the female plants when the plants bloom, while the rest are bisexual plants. It can not only save the salary of pollination, but also produce the bisexual fruit needed by the consumer market.

Non-test-tube cloning can know the characters of female parent in advance, and can propagate excellent female plants and hermaphroditic plants pertinently, which can greatly reduce production cost and improve fruit quality. it is the most effective propagation technology of papaya at present. its popularization and application will bring great practical significance to the production of papaya. In this paper, the techniques of rapid propagation are briefly introduced as follows: after selecting excellent plants of papaya, the terminal buds will be removed from April to September. After an average of 25 days, the lateral buds of the trunk immediately below the apical bud incision will protrude 5-7 lateral branches 30-40 cm long. The lateral branches will be cut from the base and leave 3-5 leaves, the incision will be treated with IBA2000ppm, and then quickly multiply in the substrate made of vermiculite and perlite at 1:1 to open the intelligent system. It can be rooted after an average of 20 days, and can be planted in the field after 10 days of rejuvenation. When the lateral buds near the terminal buds are harvested, the trunk bearing lateral buds can be cut off, and the bud holes below the incision can germinate and grow into lateral branches. in this order, each plant can culture lateral branches four times from April to September, with an average production of 24 lateral shoots, but when one leaf and one bud is taken as the material, it can be increased several times, but the size of the cultivated seedling is smaller, and one leaf and one bud is used when the female parent is less. When the trunk is cut to a height of about 30 cm above the ground, the trunk can be re-cultured for continued lateral branch culture in the coming year. When the lateral branches are cultured on the trunk, the rooting rate of rapid propagation can reach 100%, and the rooting time is relatively short. Because of the low temperature in autumn and winter, the lateral branches are not easy to culture, and the average rooting rate is only 85%. Because of asexual reproduction, the rapid propagation of lateral branches cultured by the same plant has the same characteristics as the mother plant, that is, the mother plant is hermaphroditic, and the fast propagation seedlings are bisexual plants, and there will be no more female or male plants. In this way, the production cost can be greatly reduced and the economic benefit can be improved. Second, the rapid propagation of landscaping plants; (1) the rapid propagation technology of mandarin

Liriodendron chinense (also known as Liriodendron mandshurica) is a hybrid of Liriodendron chinense (also known as Liriodendron mandshurica) with fast growth, good material, strange leaf shape, strange flowers and golden autumn leaves. It has strong resistance to diseases and insect pests, no pollution of its own litter, fast-growing, excellent quality and strong adaptability. It is a famous excellent timber and greening tree species in our country. However, due to the low seed setting rate, generally only 1% to 3%; the difficulty of cutting, the rooting rate is usually less than 30%; coupled with improper seedling techniques such as seed treatment, the seedling productivity is very low, seriously restricting the development of this excellent broad-leaved tree species.

In order to solve this practical production problem, plant non-test-tube cloning technology can achieve a survival rate of more than 93%. The relevant techniques are briefly introduced as follows: 7 cm of branches can be taken as in vitro material before sprouting in early spring, and soaked in 200ppm indole butyric acid solution for 2-4 hours, which can be propagated in an intelligent seedbed, callus can be formed in 15 days, roots can be formed in 25 days, and the survival rate can reach more than 95%. In the growing season, one leaf and one bud were used as in vitro materials and treated with 100ppm indole butyric acid for 1 to 2 hours. Multiplying in the intelligent nursery bed, the leaves do not overlap, generally take root in 20-25 days, and transplant in 30-35 days. The developed root system has a high survival rate, which is the most practical technique for Liriodendron chinense breeding. (2) the rapid propagation technology of red maple usually uses seeds and grafting to raise seedlings, the propagation cycle is long, and the traditional cutting is difficult to survive, but the use of plant non-test tube cloning technology can achieve a very high rooting and survival rate, which is the most effective technology to realize the rapid propagation of red maple. Red maple is difficult to breed. The best medium for rapid propagation is vermiculite or perlite, which can achieve better rooting effect under the condition of full light intelligent nursery bed. Because under the condition of full light, the photosynthesis of red maple was not affected, and the transpiration and water supply of in vitro materials were in balance. At the same time, naphthylacetic acid can enhance the cell and tissue activity of the material in vitro, promote the differentiation of root plasma and take root earlier. The selection of in vitro materials and rapid propagation of Acer truncatum in vitro materials are required to be robust and sturdy, with a diameter of 0.5~1cm, semi-essential to high-grade, medium twigs and lower old branches. The length of each segment is about 5~10cm, with 1-3 leaves left. At the same time, the leaves have to be trimmed, and one leaf should be cut off 1 beat 3 or 1 beat 2. In vitro, the lower end of the material was cut into an oblique orifice, and if necessary, the basal cortex could be cut and soaked in 500~1000ppm 's naphthalene acetic acid for 5 seconds. One leaf and one bud branch of red maple can also be directly taken as in vitro material, and the incision can be treated with indole butyric acid of 100ppm for 2 hours. In the process of operation, try to cut, treat and inoculate as far as possible. if the isolated material is far away from the seedbed, the cut branches should be wrapped with wet towels to prevent the loss of water and affect the survival of rapid propagation.

Red maple, in the past, people agreed that asexual reproduction difficult survival rate is low, so, rarely used asexual reproduction methods to cultivate seedlings, mostly using traditional grafting. The experiment proves that the propagation of red maple can be done by asexual rapid propagation. As long as the growth habit of red maple is satisfied and the conditions for rooting are created, the survival rate of in vitro materials is at least 85%. The key to rapid propagation and survival of red maple is to meet the requirements of full sunlight, moisture, temperature and ventilation of isolated materials, and adopt full sunlight intelligent seedbed. The survival rate of rapid propagation can reach more than 95%. After rapid propagation and rooting, red maple develops rapidly and can be transplanted to field for rejuvenation culture through seedling refinement. 3. Rapid propagation of cash crops: many diseases of potato are infected by seed tubers, and tuber propagation not only has low reproduction coefficient, but also cannot meet the requirements of growers for improved seed supply. By using non-test tube cloning technology, besides high reproduction rate, it can also prevent various diseases transmitted by tubers, especially black pox disease, which is difficult to be eradicated by general control methods, but disease-free plants can be cultivated by rapid propagation of branches and leaves. There are two technical routes for rapid propagation of potato: 1. Rapid propagation of stem using terminal bud and stem segment. Can be directly rapid propagation in vermiculite or pearlite intelligent seedbed, can also be used to promote the root method of air propagation, after rooting and then transplanted to the matrix, so that the survival rate is high, can prevent lack of plants. The method comprises the following steps of: planting improved tubers in a greenhouse in the middle of March; cutting terminal buds for rapid propagation in the middle of May; simultaneously, promoting multiple lateral buds; and when branches grow to about 10cm, cutting terminal bud stem segments with a length of about 5cm as isolated materials for rapid propagation. Under intelligent seedbed environment, it can root in one week, transplant in early June, harvest in 80 days, and yield per plant can reach 600 grams. 2. Ye Fan (1)Direct tuber production method: that is, do not allow roots, direct production of tubers, and then small tubers as seed potatoes. From the mother plant planted in greenhouse in late January to late November last year, one leaf and one bud material is inoculated into pearlite seedbed, axillary bud is buried in substrate, leaves are left on bed surface, and small tubers are formed at leaf axils after about 20 days. This method produces tubers by relying on nutrients contained in leaves after cutting off mother plant and light, carbon dioxide and water from outside. In order to enlarge tubers, leaves need to be supplemented with nutrient solution to increase the nutrients contained in tubers. This method of producing tubers directly from leaves can also be used for stem propagation, but it is not as practical as leaf propagation to obtain more isolated materials from a stem.

(2) Rooting after planting method: the rooted plants are directly planted in the nursery, and the operation is basically the same as that of stem propagation. After planting, the initial stage of growth is later than that of stem propagation, which is because it has fewer roots and smaller plant volume. But later growth and development status and stem propagation of the same, from the stem base issued strong lateral branches. 80 days harvest, 4 tubers per plant, about 500 grams. The yield per plant of potato rapid propagation seedlings varies with the degree of rooting. Good rooting, rapid survival after planting, early stem and leaf growth, plant yield can reach more than 600 grams. Therefore, to improve the yield of rapid propagation seedlings, strive for more roots, early survival is indeed the key, so in rapid propagation combined with chemical treatment has a promoting effect. The effects of NAA, IBA and GA3 on the survival of potato rapid propagation were studied. The results showed that NAA 50ppm +IBA 50ppm +GA 350ppm was the best combination, the survival rate was the highest, the rooting was the best and the growth was the strongest. During the rapid propagation, there were three kinds of conditions in 10~20 days, whether stem propagation or leaf propagation: one was that only tubers were formed at the axillary bud of the base of the isolated material without roots; the other was that roots were formed and tubers were formed; the third was that only roots did not grow tubers. These three phenomena are related to plant hormones and the like. If the first case is found in the stem multiplication, the tuber can be cut off at the time of transplantation, and sometimes the roots can be taken; in the second case, the tuber should also be cut off, that is, it can grow smoothly. Because the price of muskmelon seeds is expensive, in order to reduce the cost of seeds, sowing seedlings in advance is adopted. When the melon seedlings grow to a certain height, one leaf and one bud or vine with leaves are taken as isolated materials, the incision is treated with 100ppm of indole butyric acid for 1 hour, and rapid propagation is carried out on intelligent seedbeds with pearlite as substrate.

Generally 8~9 days old root, after supplement nutrient solution strong seedling, can transplant seedlings to field, survival rate reaches 100%, if establish clone rapid propagation system and adopt multiple generation circulation technology, can carry on factory seedling every year, greatly reduce seedling cost, this is the least investment factory seedling technology at present, through the experiment cultivation in 2002, the rapid propagation seedling has the growth vigor orderly, the fruit character and the yield, the quality are the same as the seed seeding seedling, It is a new economical seedling technology for the production of reticulated melon seedlings. (3) Cucumber, watermelon and tomato rapid propagation technology These three varieties are very easy to root varieties, in the intelligent rapid propagation seedbed without any chemical treatment, can reach 100% of the rooting survival rate, operation only need to cut the stem with leaves, rapid propagation into pearlite as the substrate seedbed, open the system can, generally 3~4 days to start rooting, 7~10 days to form a developed root system can be transplanted to the field. Most of these in vitro materials have already formed root primordia when they are on the plant, so they are suitable for

Suitable environment immediately form roots, such as watermelon fastest, the next day roots, these varieties in production application has important value and production significance, the use of multi-generation cycle technology can make a seed produce hundreds of thousands or even millions of seedlings, can greatly reduce seed cost, and rapid propagation seedling roots than seed seedlings developed, melon fruit hanging period greatly advanced, yield and quality have been improved, is an important technology popularized in future production. 4. Rapid propagation of medicinal plants;

Taxus mandiensis has become an important medicinal material because of its extractable anticancer drugs. The demand for seedlings is increasing in the whole country. It is difficult to meet the production needs by traditional cutting propagation alone. Generally, only one batch can be cultivated in a year. However, after using non-test tube cloning technology, at least 5~6 batches can be cultivated, and the survival rate and the quality of seedlings are greatly improved. More importantly, the rapid propagation seedlings can be transplanted every year, planted every year and developed every year.

Generally, 3~5 cm long leafy branch segments are used as in vitro materials, and when materials are scarce, they can be smaller, even 1~ 2 cm. The incision is treated with 100ppm of indole butyric acid for 2 hours, and rapidly propagated in a rapid propagation seedbed controlled by computer intelligence. Calli are formed in 7~10 days, roots begin in 25 days, and seedlings can be transplanted in 35~40 days. The survival rate is more than 90%. In addition, in the production found that electric field treatment to improve the root-shoot ratio, speed up the rooting speed, cultivate strong seedlings effect is extremely obvious, is the application of non-test tube cloning technology in mandiya red bean pole is the most ideal technology to achieve the industrialization of yew development, is any other method incomparable. Honeysuckle has always been valued by the pharmaceutical industry as a bulk of traditional Chinese medicine, but also a daily drink that can be made into tea. With the deepening of research and development, its use is more and more extensive, especially after SARS, it has set off an upsurge of developing honeysuckle in the whole country. Mountain farmers who rely on cultivating honeysuckle to earn money have stimulated the enthusiasm of industrialization development. The cultivation of seedlings by grafting and cuttage alone cannot supply mountain farmers and develop honeysuckle bases. By adopting non-test tube cloning technology, not only can the traditional honeysuckle variety which is easy to survive by cutting be greatly improved in propagation coefficient, but also can the excellent variety honeysuckle king which can only be cultivated by grafting be rapidly propagated successfully. At present, there are many varieties of honeysuckle used for production and cultivation, most of which belong to varieties easy to breed quickly. Generally, under the condition of no chemical treatment, extremely high survival rate can be obtained, and roots can be taken in 10~15 days, and comprehensive transplanting can be carried out in 20~25 days. But there are some varieties using traditional methods can not survive cuttage, can only rely on grafting, and grafting survival rate is not high. This may be related to the high chlorogenic acid content in the high-yield varieties, which is the technical problem in the breeding of honeysuckle king. For this problem, the breeding system using non-test tube cloning technology can be solved, and has been widely used in production. The technology is summarized as follows: Honeysuckle King is a variant variety of common honeysuckle, showing extremely high yield per plant, weak growth potential, and often excessive flower quantity affecting vegetative growth. In the process of rapid propagation of this variety, the callus was often overdeveloped, the roots were few and slow, and the leaves often fell off early in the process of rapid propagation. In view of these problems, we have carried on the comprehensive analysis and formulated the corresponding measure, causes the rapid propagation survival rate to be able to raise greatly, basically can satisfy the production technical request. Originally, when honeysuckle king was grafted, it would have late incompatibility with rootstock, and it would appear neck-pinching seedlings, and it would be easy to break the interface in case of strong wind, which became the main factor restricting the development of this high-yield variety. If traditional cuttings were used, they could not survive. These phenomena indicate that there are genetic differences between the mutant variety and the original common variety, which can be proved by grafting incompatibility. In addition, the excessive flower amount of this variety leads to the high content of chlorogenic acid in the body, and the weak growth causes the sudden increase of endogenous abscisic acid content. These three aspects combine together to become a comprehensive physiological factor for its difficult rooting.

First, in the maternal management, we should take the cultivation of strong seedlings with vigorous nutrition growth as the main management goal, and we can reduce the flower amount and chlorogenic acid content by moderate shading cultivation and more nitrogen fertilizer. It is also possible to reduce flower quantity by spraying 40~100ppm gibberellin at flower bud differentiation stage, because the more flowers the plant has, the less nutrient accumulation in leaves, and the content of chlorogenic acid will be greatly increased. Chlorogenic acid is the main index to measure the quality of honeysuckle, but it is also the main factor to cause the propagation and rooting of honeysuckle king. By reducing the light intensity, chlorogenic acid content in branches and flowers of honeysuckle can be reduced. In addition, the chlorogenic acid content decreased by 32.99%~6.78% when nitrogen fertilizer was applied, while the chlorogenic acid content increased by 8.68%~14.44% when phosphorus fertilizer was applied. These studies indicated that the female parent orchard should adopt the management method of applying less phosphorus fertilizer and more nitrogen fertilizer. Such fertilizer management measures can also increase the endogenous growth hormone and decrease the abscisic acid in the plant. Therefore, the female parent management should be exactly opposite to the conventional production management, which is more conducive to rooting.

In addition to the special management of female parent garden, there will also be the problem of early senescence and shedding of leaves in rapid propagation. To solve this problem, growth hormone can be sprayed on the surface of leaves in stages during female parent management or rapid propagation period to prolong leaf age and prevent shedding. It was found that all the isolated materials whose leaves had not fallen off would take root sooner or later, while the defoliated materials would stop developing immediately. When the nutrient solution was supplemented for rapid propagation, 1~5ppm of indolebutyric acid or 1ppm of complex sodium nitrophenolate could be added to the nutrient solution, which had certain effect on prolonging leaf age and improving survival rate.

After the comprehensive technical management, the rapid propagation operation can be carried out. The branch section with 1 - 2 leaves is taken as the isolated material, the incision is treated with 200ppm IBA for 1 - 2 hours, and then the rapid propagation is carried out on the intelligent seedling bed of pearlite. Besides the conventional management technology, it is better to combine the carbonated water and oxygen-enriched water supplement technology, which is especially effective for the plants difficult to root. In addition, rapid propagation can also be used aerosol method, also known as fog proliferation method, so that the incision is exposed to a mist with nutrients, so that roots will be faster. According to the experiment, it takes 30~45 days for honeysuckle king to take root by pearlite substrate rapid propagation, while it takes 22 days to take root by aerosol propagation, and the survival rate can reach more than 80%. However, aerosol propagation also has a disadvantage. It is necessary to establish a special seedling training area for transplanting and seedling training. Because most of the roots formed in aerosol are aerial roots, it takes a period of domestication to adapt to the soil environment. Honeysuckle wide range of applications, which made into gold and silver flower dew is one of its functions, but also one of the most widely used range. The non-test-tube rapid propagation technology was used to breed seedlings, which greatly improved the yield of honeysuckle and promoted the industrialization development process of honeysuckle. 5. Rapid propagation of flower plants; mini roses are excellent raw materials for the production of mini potted flowers, hydroponic flowers and test-tube flowers, and are also excellent varieties for greening and beautifying garden balconies. In addition to traditional cuttage, the most rapid and efficient method of its propagation is to adopt non-test tube rapid propagation technology, which can make the isolated material of one leaf and one bud expand thousands of commercial seedlings in one year, and the operation is simple and convenient, the rooting time is short and the survival rate is high. Take a top shoot with leaf branch, one leaf and one bud or flower bud on the mini rose plant as in vitro material, cut it with 100ppm IBA for 1 - 2h, propagate it in intelligent seedbed with pearlite as substrate, root in 7 - 10 days, transplant it in 15 - 20 days, and the survival rate of root can reach more than 95%. adopting mini rose as material to carry out rapid propagation of bud micro-material, inoculating to agar matrix environment in test tube for growth after rooting, and manufacturing a test tube rose capable of growing and flowering in test tube, which is a fine product among test tube flowers at home and abroad at present, and is also the best gift for Valentine's Day.

Phalaenopsis usually seed seedlings, tissue culture seedlings, plant division seedlings method, in which seed seedlings flowering time is long, tissue culture seedlings cost is high, plant division seedlings efficiency is low. The non-test tube cloning technology can greatly reduce the production cost and improve the reproduction coefficient of Phalaenopsis, which is the most effective and practical technology at present. A brief introduction of the techniques is as follows: Selection and induction of materials in vitro: But under natural conditions, the buds of opsis are dormant. After artificial medicine treatment, these buds will undergo cell differentiation and germinate into small buds. Then the small buds will be cut into independent in vitro materials by sterilized blades, and then propagated in intelligent seedbeds controlled by computers. Therefore, the induction of small buds has become an important technical link in the rapid propagation of opsis. Several methods of bud induction are described as follows:

(1) Stem cutting induction method: Phalaenopsis is a single stem plant. It grows from the upright stem upward and continuously. Although there are 1~3 latent buds in its leaf axil stem, most of them cannot grow buds into plants. However, after the plant grows larger, they can cluster roots under the leaves. After disinfection, they can be cut off by knife or shear. Those with roots on the upper part can be planted into new pots or pseudo-planted to make them continue to grow. There are rhizome parts left below. Appropriate water is given. Soon after, 1~3 new buds can be sprouted (depending on the plant nature and management method). If the stem is too long, it can also be divided into multiple sections. As long as each section is 3 cm long and has more than one root, each section can send out 1~2 buds. Cut off the small buds with blades and propagate them in intelligent seedbeds. Generally, 10~15 days can take root and transplant. (2) Drug stimulation method: This drug is sold in the flower market. The main component is cytokinin, which is oil wax. When using it, you can dip this agent with a toothpick and smear it on the dormant bud point. The drug can penetrate and stimulate germination. When the bud grows smoothly, it can be cut off and propagated quickly. (3) Pedicel buds: There are many varieties of Phalaenopsis, the base of its pedicel, the unblossomed pedicel node and the tip, there is the habit of sprouting buds, such as P. lueddemonniana, P. schillerana , P. equebris, etc., the tip of the pedicel sprouting buds, cut off and propagated in the intelligent seedbed, wait for its growth roots can be transplanted into new individuals, such as sessile, you can use plant hormones containing germinating agent daubed on the nodes of the pedicel of Phalaenopsis, drug stimulation to achieve the purpose of propagating new seedlings, Before applying chemicals, first remove the bracts covered on the pedicel nodes with blades. Be careful when removing the bracts to avoid breaking the buds. After removing the bracts, apply bud accelerator and use plant hormone germinating agent. It is better to use the temperature above 20℃ during the plant growth period. 6. Rapid propagation of economic forest plants; Camellia oleifera is an important oil plant and an important economic plant for farmers in mountainous areas. However, long-term seed sowing and seedling breeding, so that varieties mixed, serious degradation, yield decline, late fruiting period, greatly affected the industrial development of Camellia oleifera. Under the condition of greenhouse facilities, the annual rapid propagation and multi-generation circulation of Camellia oleifera can be implemented, the production efficiency is high, the rooting survival rate is relatively guaranteed, and the method is incomparable with other grafting cuttings, and is an essential new seedling cultivation technology for the current industrial development of Camellia oleifera. The main technical points are as follows: In vitro materials should be selected from 1-year-old strong branches of excellent mother trees, which have been lignified, full axillary buds, complete leaves and no diseases and insect pests, and cut into isolated materials with a bud and a leaf length of about 4 cm. It should be done early in the morning. 50~100 isolated materials should be tied up after sampling, and pay attention to moisture. Before rapid propagation, ABT rooting powder should be used to treat in vitro materials to promote wound healing and rapid rooting. During rapid propagation, the isolated materials should be inoculated upright, the buds and leaves should be exposed from the substrate, the leaves should be upward, the plant spacing of isolated materials should be about 5 cm X 15 cm, and the leaves should not overlap. After the inoculation operation is completed, immediately turn on the intelligent system. The results showed that the survival rate and shoot rate of Camellia oleifera treated with ABT1 rooting powder were significantly higher than those treated with 200 ppm NAA, and the number of roots and the length of roots were also longer than those treated with NAA. The survival rate can reach more than 85%. After adopting the multi-generation circulation technology of seedling propagation, the survival rate can be improved and the rooting time can be shortened. Usually, the first generation seedlings form callus in 10~15 days, root base in 20~25 days, root system transplantation field in 30~45 days. If the seedling propagation operation is adopted, the juvenile and rooting genes will be stimulated, and the rooting time can be shortened to 20~25 days, with higher efficiency and faster speed. Therefore, when the seedlings of Camellia oleifera are rapidly propagated, the construction of juvenile female parent garden is extremely important.

In addition, it is better to dip in the speed of high concentration ABT1, which has high operation efficiency and good survival rate. Compared with low concentration slow soaking method, the survival rate and rooting number of high concentration ABT1 rooting powder solution was better than that of low concentration slow dipping method. The best combination treatment was ABT1 with 500 ppm concentration, and rapid propagation after rapid soaking for 10 seconds. The survival rate and rooting number of Camellia oleifera treated with ABT2 rooting powder were also better than those treated with 200 ppm naphthalene acetic acid. Compared with the slow dipping method, the effect of the fast dipping method with high concentration is better than that of the slow dipping method with low concentration. ABT rooting powder should be dipped in 200 ppm solution for 20 seconds. Compared with ABT1 rooting powder and ABT2 rooting powder, the survival rate of Camellia oleifera treated with ABT1 was significantly higher than that of 200ppmABT2, but the effect of ABT2 at the same concentration was different from that of naphthalene acetic acid treatment, which was not significant. Therefore, in Camellia oleifera, ABT1 rooting powder and high concentration (500ppm) quick dipping method should be used in Camellia oleifera seedlings. Second, the application of Camellia oleifera Camellia oleifera is a small evergreen tree of Theaceae, with a height of 3-6 meters. Is a rare and valuable woody oil tree, tea oil orange, clear and transparent color, fragrant, contains more unsaturated fatty acids than peanut oil, rapeseed oil, no erucic acid. Carcinogens such as shanshu acid and aflatoxin. Camellia oleifera can reduce the content of blood lipids and cholesterol, and has a preventive and therapeutic effect on hypertension, stroke, cerebral thrombosis, cancer and other diseases. it is a pure natural green health edible oil with good quality. For example, Camellia oleifera, which is very popular recently, is one of the applications of Camellia oleifera, which fully reflects the position of the application of Camellia oleifera in the market, and also vigorously develops the role of Camellia oleifera as a cash crop. Seventh, the rapid propagation of endangered plants, Baishanzu fir is an endangered rare plant, because the survival rate of reproduction by traditional methods is very low, it has been a major technical problem for forestry workers to save this germplasm resources. However, a high survival rate can be achieved by using plant non-test tube cloning technology. The related techniques are briefly introduced as follows: the in vitro material came from Baishanzu, Qingyuan County, Zhejiang Province. The leafy branch segment of 3~5cm was cut off and treated with indole butyric acid of 1000ppm for 8 hours, and then propagated in the intelligent seedling bed. It was observed that after 25-30 days, the cortex expanded and began to form callus, some papillae-like root primordia grew in 45 days, and 1~2cm-long roots grew in 60-70 days, and the survival rate was more than 90%.

Golden scented tea contains more than ten kinds of trace elements and tea polyphenols which have important health care value for human body, such as natural organic germanium, selenium, manganese, molybdenum, vanadium and zinc, as well as essential amino acids for human body. it is a kind of health drink raw material plant with great development value, such as inhibiting tumor growth, lowering blood bile, lowering cholesterol, preventing atherosclerosis, delaying aging, improving body immune function and so on. In addition, golden scented tea with waxy golden flowers, golden petals and jade stamens, beautiful and quiet, dotted among the green leaves and branches, is known as the "superstar" of flowers, the "queen of tea" and the "giant panda" of the plant world. is a national first-class protection of rare plants. Golden scented tea is the best of camellias in addition to its high ornamental value.

Guangxi Camellia is a first-class protected plant. The experiment of rapid propagation of Camellia oleifera and Camellia oleifera was carried out. The former was treated with rooting powder (ABT) No. 1 200ppm, the one-year-old in vitro material was on perlite substrate, the survival rate of cuttings without leaves was 0, the survival rate of cuttings with one leaf was between 85.0% and 87.8%, the control was 72.0%, and the survival rate of 2-year-old was 20.5%. The latter was treated with rooting powder No. 1 150ppm on perlite matrix, and the survival rate of 1-year-old in vitro material on perlite was the highest, which was 97.5%. Therefore, it is suggested that the one-year-old seedlings should be used as the female parent to propagate the seedlings for many generations, and a good seedling breeding effect can be obtained.

Brief introduction of Plant Rapid Propagation Technology

The so-called plant non-test-tube high-efficiency and rapid propagation technology is also plant cloning technology, which is also called plant non-test-tube rapid propagation technology, plant rapid propagation technology, plant full-light spray seedling technology, full-light fog cutting technology, micro-material or micro-tissue cutting seedling technology, spray seedling technology, spray cutting seedling technology, fool cloning. Whether it is called plant rapid propagation or plant cloning, the principle and method are the same.

The key of plant cloning technology (plant rapid propagation technology) is spraying. More than ten years ago, some authoritative units promoted full-light spray seedling breeding technology, in fact, it was later called plant non-test-tube efficient and rapid propagation technology. nowadays, it is more called plant cloning, fool cloning and other fashionable words. The full set of spraying equipment developed in the past is mechanical, the cost is as high as tens of thousands of yuan, and it is easy to rust and damage, and no one will use it after a period of time, but since the introduction of Israeli micro-spray (head) technology, the micro-spray problem has been solved smoothly in a low-cost form, so plant cloning technology (plant rapid propagation technology) has been rapidly popularized throughout the country.

Another obstacle to the popularization of plant rapid propagation technology (plant cloning technology) is the problem of automatic control instrument. The imported temperature and humidity control equipment is easy to use, but the price is high. The so-called agricultural intelligent computer system is not always mature in addition to the higher price. There are many problems in use, which often lead to the failure of seedling breeding. The author had no choice but to develop a domestic seedling nursery instrument after two years of use. Its low price and rich and practical functions are quickly appreciated by counterparts all over the country.

Plant cloning technology (plant non-test-tube high-efficiency and rapid propagation technology) now only needs more than 2000 yuan to promote plant cloning technology and plant rapid propagation technology to benefit the country and the people.

Compared with the rapid propagation of plant tissue culture and the traditional seedling breeding technology, the plant fool cloning technology has the following advantages:

The main results are as follows: 1. Using the explants of one leaf and one bud as the propagation unit material, they are directly inoculated in the field sand bed or nutrition bag, and the seedlings are formed at one time until they are supplied for production, without any movement, and the survival rate is high.

2. Whether in the south or in the north. Different latitudes and different soils. In different climates, this method can be used for continuous rapid propagation in all seasons of the year, and most varieties can reach 6mur12 generations from the second generation. This rapid propagation technology can be used to start production at any time of the year, expanding the time and space for the application of the technology.

3. The technical operation is easy to popularize. After a period of training, qualified ordinary labor force can be vaccinated with 3000 Murray 5000 units of material every day (8 hours). The long-term promotion practice has proved that: first, the quality of production and technical personnel is not high, the technical training period is short, the adaptability is very wide, and it is easy to popularize. Second, the speed of individual operation is faster than that of tissue culture and conventional breeding. If the tissue is managed properly, 200000-1 million units of breeding materials can be inoculated rapidly in each base every day if other conditions are met, and the technology is easy to be popularized in a large area. This is incomparable to the test-tube rapid propagation technology.

4. After a period of planned training, ordinary personnel can participate in the rapid propagation operation, and the inoculation speed is extremely fast (several times faster than that of tissue culture test tube rapid propagation. From the second generation, most plants not only exceed the conventional seedling breeding operation speed, but also exceed the test tube rapid propagation operation speed. Greatly save labor costs and improve labor efficiency).

5. Each qualified technical worker after a period of training can produce and manage 2-100000 seedlings per month, and each backbone plus a certain number of auxiliary workers can produce at least 300000 seedlings every half a year, which has high economic benefits.

6. After most plants are cultivated to the second generation by plant fool cloning technology, complete plant regeneration can be obtained in 11 days, and the plant regeneration rate is more than 90%, which really realizes efficient and rapid propagation. Some families and genera have a special situation of rooting and reproduction, such as Pinus elliottii, spruce, yew, camphor, rock cinnamon, Chinese orchid grass, peony and so on. However, it is still faster than test-tube rapid propagation and regular seedling breeding, and the comprehensive rapid propagation efficiency is higher.

7. After the second generation of most plants, each regenerated plant propagates for 60 days, and the multiplication coefficient of each generation is 15 times that of 2mur. after the second generation, the multiplication coefficient of each generation is 15 times (the number of original plants multiplies geometrically). This is more prominent than the advantage of rapid propagation of tissue culture in vitro. The more the later algebra, the more germplasm resources materials are propagated, the faster the reproduction speed is.

8. There are few technical steps and short time, which greatly saves the comprehensive production cost and improves the production efficiency of personnel. Starting from the propagation of miniature materials, the plants growing under natural conditions can be cultivated directly without any transplantation. most plants only need 15 li for 60 days to be used for production and cultivation, and the plants blossom and bear fruit early and have good yield. For example, tomatoes begin to take root in 4 days and blossom and bear fruit in 20 days. Chinese wolfberry blossoms and bears fruit in the nursery that year. Virus-free potato can be differentiated from one leaf and one bud material from inoculation to 40 days, and virus-free potatoes can be harvested directly in the earth in that year. The field cultivation yield of virus-free potato seedlings can reach 3 to 4 tons in that year, which can not only save farmers 300 jin of seed potatoes per mu, but also farmers can plant all kinds of potatoes every year. Cut rose does not need transplanting, it blossoms 70 days after inoculation of a leaf, the flower is large and colorful, and the flowering cycle is longer than other methods. Coniferous species such as Taxus mairei, Taxus mairei, West Sichuan spruce and Larix kaempferi generally take 4 months to colonize. The first generation generally began to take root in 20-40 days, and the rooting time after the second generation was shortened by about 1/3. However, the tissue culture of many coniferous species is very difficult and can not be produced on a large scale. Conventional cuttings also have slow rooting and low survival rate. As a result, the seedlings of these varieties have been propagating with seeds, and the characters of their offspring vary greatly.

9. The mature seedlings cultivated by this method have high purity, disease-free, well-developed and complete root system, root length of more than 25 cm, 6 roots in 3 Mel, full mature buds, stem height of 20 mi 60 cm, and field survival rate of more than 90%. Coniferous species 5 cm-15 cm, the general survival rate of mountain colonization is as high as 95%.

10. In the plant growing season, the green seedlings directly inoculated and cultured in the nutrition bag are of high purity, disease-free, growing more than 5 leaves, full axillary buds, strong branching ability, developed root system, high seedling quality, and the field survival rate of planting production is more than 95%.

For many plants, the first generation is normal. Large-scale rapid propagation can be carried out immediately. However, some plants that are difficult to reproduce can not meet the technical requirements until the second generation. The main goal of the first generation of these seedlings is to get as many original basic seedlings as possible, so as to lay a good foundation for normal production after the second generation. The technique of plant fool cloning can be used in most plants that have been propagated by rapid propagation of stem tips and conventional cutting techniques, or where neither of the above two techniques are suitable for reproduction, and can be used to fix heterosis in plant breeding. It can be used in special transgenic plant seedling engineering, space breeding of new plants, rapid propagation and protection of various new germplasm materials or endangered economic plants, forest tree breeding, seed engineering and seed industrialization; it can be used for the selection, purification and mass production and utilization of natural mutant plants, excellent single plants and polyploid dominant clones, and can be used for isolation and propagation of virus-free seedlings. It can be used for introduction and diffusion of new varieties at home and abroad, cross breeding and so on. In these aspects, this technology has the optimization of technology and the relative infinity of the market.