Cultivation techniques of Medicinal Peony

Peony belongs to the genus Paeoniae, which has the reputation of "king of flowers" because of its bright color and rich fragrance. At the same time, the root bark of peony can be used as medicine, which has the effect of clearing heat and cooling blood, dispelling blood stasis and dredging menstruation, used for hot blood disease, hematemesis, falling injury and so on. Ornamental peonies are the most famous in Luoyang, Henan and Heze, Shandong. The "Fengdan" of Tongling, Anhui Province has the best effect of medicinal peony.

First, the biological characteristics of peony like warm and cool climate, more cold-resistant, not resistant to hot and humid; drought-resistant, not resistant to water stains. No matter flat land or sloping land, as long as the soil is fertile, deep, loose neutral or slightly acidic sandy loam can be planted. Strongly acidic soil, saline-alkali soil, clay, low wetlands and tree shade are not suitable for planting. Second, the cultivation techniques of medicinal peony 1. The medicinal peony for selecting and preparing land is a root plant, so we should choose the land with sufficient sunshine, high terrain and good drainage, flat land and sloping land. Corn, cotton and so on are suitable for the previous crop. After the previous crop harvest, deep ploughing and soil preparation was carried out, generally 50-80 cm deep, applying 3000-5000 kg of base fertilizer for every 667 square meters (1 mu), and 50 kg of phosphorus and potash fertilizer each. After drying the land for 8 to 10 days, the soil can be turned to a depth of 50 to 60 centimeters, leveled into a high border with a turtle back shape for drainage, with a width of 1.5 to 2.0 meters, a ditch depth of 30 centimeters and a ditch width of 40 centimeters. two。 Sowing can be carried out from late August to mid-November, and the best sowing time is from mid-September to late September. Seeds with full, black, glossy and pest-free seeds should be selected when sowing. Before sowing, soak the seeds in 45 ℃ warm water for 24 hours, then drain to dry and wait for sowing. At present, hole sowing or strip sowing is generally used, and the width of seedling bed is 1.2 to 2 meters. Hole sowing: in the producing area of medicinal materials, the acupoints are generally dug according to the line spacing of 30 cm and the plant spacing of 20 cm. The acupoints are arranged in the shape of a product, with a depth of about 10 cm, a diameter of about 5 cm, a flat bottom, and an appropriate amount of base fertilizer (chemical fertilizer cannot be used) in each hole. Then cover with about 3 cm thick fine soil, compacted and leveled. Generally, 20 seeds were sown in each hole and evenly distributed in the hole. The amount of seed used is about 150 kg per 667 square meters. Strip sowing: in medicinal materials producing areas, generally according to the row spacing of 25 cm, sowing width of 10 cm 20 cm, transversely open 6 cm deep sowing ditch, the seeds will be evenly sown into the ditch. The seed consumption is about 100 kg per 667 square meters. The soil should be sealed immediately after hole sowing or strip sowing, and the border surface should be smoothed and covered with thatch. Seedlings can emerge from late February to early March in the second year. Cover grass should be removed in time before emergence, should be watered in time in case of drought, and can be transplanted and planted two years later. 3. Field management transplanting of medicinal tree peony: generally, 2-year-old seedlings are dug up for transplanting after defoliation in autumn (September to October). According to the row, the plant spacing is 50 cm × 30 cm, the depth is 20 cm 30 cm, and each pit is planted with 1 strong seedling or 2 fine seedlings. Straighten the root system when filling the soil. When the soil is halfway through, gently lift the seedling up by hand, and then continue to cover the soil to make the root stretch and connect closely with the soil. Pour enough water on the roots after planting. Intertillage weeding: after sprouting in spring in the second year of transplanting, interploughing began to weed control, 3-4 times a year, to keep the soil free of weeds and loose soil. Generally, soil cultivation should be carried out in combination with ploughing and weeding. Lugen: from April to May, choose a sunny day, remove the mulch, peel off the soil around the rhizosphere, expose the roots, and let them receive light. 2After 3 days, combined with ploughing and weeding, soil cultivation and fertilization. Topdressing: peony likes fertilizer, fertilizing once a year after spring, after flowering and before winter, 150 kilograms of rotten cake fertilizer can be applied for every 667 square meters. Fertilization is generally combined with soil cultivation. Drainage and irrigation: if drought occurs during the growing period, it can be watered in the morning or evening. In the rainy season, ditches should be cleared in time to prevent stagnant water from rotting roots. Bud picking and pruning: except for the plants with remaining seeds, the buds should be removed in time after budding in spring. Bud picking should be carried out after dry dew on a sunny day to prevent wound infection. From October to November, the withered branches and overgrown branches were cut off, the fallen leaves were removed and burned centrally. 3. Harvesting and processing of medicinal peony: it can be harvested 3-5 years after planting, and 4-year-old is the best. It is generally excavated in October, when its quality and output are higher. Mining and excavation should be carried out on a sunny day, and the scope of soil picking should be larger, so that the whole pile should be dug up, and the quality should not be affected by it. After digging, shake off the soil, cut off the fresh roots, store them in a cool place for 1 to 2 days, wait for them to lose moisture and soften for processing. Processing: the peony root is dried by taking off the whisker root first. Twist the root bark and pull out the wood heart to get the moutan bark. The root bark with thicker and powdery root strips is scraped off the outer cork and dried with bamboo, that is, scraped moutan bark, also known as pink moutan bark; the root bark with finer root strips and poor powder does not scrape the bark and is directly dried, which is called Cortex moutan, also known as Lian Dan. Spread, place and pack separately according to the thickness and powdery size of the root.