Field cultivation techniques of Chinese Yam

1. Soil preparation and fertilization, planting at the right time

The roots of Chinese yam are shallower and the tubers are deeper, so the sandy loam or loam which is deep and loose and has not been cropped within 3 years must be selected, which is more than 35 cm deep in the winter of the first year, and planted in high beds or furrows after the beginning of spring. Because the main absorbing root system of Chinese yam is distributed in the upper soil, the base fertilizer is applied shallowly in the surface soil layer, and the method of planting seed block first and then turning the soil to fertilize is adopted. The base fertilizer should be mixed well with dry dung, plant ash or soil fertilizer. Manure should be rotten first, generally 30000-60000 kg / ha, urea 300-375 kg / ha, calcium superphosphate 225 kg / ha, potassium sulfate 375-525 kg / ha. In order to prolong the field growth period and improve the yield and quality in the areas with short dew period, the method of seedling cultivation and transplanting can be adopted, and the seedlings can be raised in seedling bed by using protective facilities, and then planted in the field in time.

Second, skillfully applying topdressing

In the early stage, Chinese yam mainly grew in aboveground stems and leaves, while underground stems grew slowly and needed less fertilizer. Therefore, a large amount of rotten manure can be applied from sowing or transplanting to growing, generally applying about 15000 kg / ha of dilute feces and urine at the time of seedling completion or after transplanting. After that, it was applied every 20 to 30 days, and each time the rotten manure and urine fertilizer was applied to 15000kg / ha or 225kg / ha or the ternary compound fertilizer was 225kg / ha. After the budding of the plant, the underground tuber not only elongated rapidly, but also gradually entered the period of enlargement, thickness and weight gain, and the need for fertilizer increased sharply. At this time, the thicker mixture of human feces and urine and cake fertilizer 30000 ~ 60000 kg / ha or three-element compound fertilizer 600 ~ 750 kg / ha should be re-applied. This topdressing is a key fertilizer that has the greatest impact on tuber yield. In the future, when the stem is full of vines, if you find that there is a phenomenon of losing fat, you can chase the fertilizer again, and the dosage is less than the previous one. In the last time, plant growth was observed 40 days before harvest and fertilized once to improve tuber yield and quality. After Frosts Descent, the aboveground stems and leaves are withered and yellow and should be harvested in time.