High-yield cultivation techniques of lotus seed

Lotus field selection and arrangement

Lotus fields should choose winter fallow fields or green manure fields with irrigation conditions, sufficient sunshine, deep soil layer and medium and upper fertility. The soil quality is suitable for loam, clay loam and clay, and the convenient sandy loam can be irrigated, and the soil pH value should be between 6.5 and 7. Barren sandy soil field, perennial cold soaking field and rusty paddy field are not suitable for planting. Lotus field finishing requires intensive cultivation, appropriate depth, loose soil, flat field, and adequate basic fertilizer. Winter fallow fields, winter should be deep ploughing ridges, 2000 kg per mu of fertilizer, spring irrigation and then two ploughing and two rakes, leveling the surface of the field waiting for transplanting. Green manure fields are usually ploughed and raked in late February, and 25 kg of lime is applied to each mu after the first ploughing to promote the decay of green manure. If the yield of green manure is more than 2000 kg, no more fence fertilizer is needed, and the yield is too low, some fence fertilizer must be applied.

Selection of varieties and species of lotus root

The quality of lotus root seed directly affects the yield and quality of lotus seed, so the corresponding varieties should be selected according to the needs. For the purpose of giving birth to son lotus, it is appropriate to choose Shilihe No. 1, Space 36 and Space No. 3. Secondly, the selection of lotus root requires pure variety, high yield last year and no disease in the field, so as to select and dig at the same time. In order to have the characteristics of this variety, fresh color, strong lotus root, short internodes, no disease spots, no damage, and complete terminal buds, the main lotus root with more than three nodes and the upper lotus root with two nodes are used as seeds.

Planting density

Combined with lotus field finishing, 2000 kg of full column fertilizer per mu and 25 kg of lime were applied in green manure field. The day before transplanting, 25 kilograms of ammonium bicarbonate and 25 kilograms of superphosphate were applied per mu as noodle fertilizer to ensure adequate base fertilizer. Timely transplanting is an important link to increase per unit yield and ensure high yield. Generally speaking, the local temperature is stable above 12 ℃, that is, it is suitable to transplant in the first and middle of April. The planting density is generally suitable for planting 120,150 lotus roots per mu. Early planting should be thin, late planting should be dense; high fertilizer should be thin, medium and low fertilizer should be dense. Planting requires that lotus seeds should be weeded for 2 or 3 times from transplanting to lotus leaf sealing. When the main stem of the lotus pulls out the first standing leaf, it begins to cultivate the field, and then every 10 to 15 days until the lotus leaf closes the field. Before the cultivation of the field, we should first drain the water and only keep the muddy water. when the field is cultivated, the weeds will be pulled out and buried in the mud to meet the requirements of rotten mud, flat noodles and no weeds. The fertilizer can be applied deeply and the fertilizer efficiency can be improved if topdressing is combined with topdressing in the field. Lotus seeds are particularly sensitive to herbicides and the use of herbicides in lotus fields is generally not recommended.

Scientific fertilization

The growth period of lotus seed is long, the fertilizer consumption is large, but the fertilizer absorption capacity of lotus seed root system is weak, fertilization should emphasize the application of sufficient organic fertilizer, increase phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, eat less meals and topdressing fertilizer, and supplement micro-fertilizer. The total amount of topdressing lotus seed per mu is about 40 kg of urea, 20 kg of potassium chloride and 2.5 kg of borax. When applying fertilizer, we should grasp the principle of "light seedling fertilizer, heavy flower fertilizer and complete seed fertilizer" and apply it many times in different stages. After the emergence of the first standing leaf (seedling stage) combined with the first cultivation field to apply seedling fertilizer, 5 kg urea and 2.5 kg potassium chloride per mu. Apply it around the lotus seedlings. The field will be cultivated immediately after fertilization. Heavy application of flower fertilizer at the beginning of flowering period, when the first flower bud appeared, 7.5 kg urea per mu plus 4 kg potassium chloride was applied evenly throughout the field. Fertilizer could not be sprinkled on lotus leaves or flowers, and 3-5 cm water layer was retained in the field. Zhuangzi fertilizer was applied at the initial stage of canopy, 5 kg of urea, 2.5 kg of potassium chloride and 0.5 kg of borax were applied per mu. After that, topdressing was applied every 10-15 days (the amount of fertilizer was reduced by 10% each time), and the whole process was 5-6 times.