Cultivation techniques of licorice

Licorice is a perennial leguminous plant, which is used in medicine with dried roots and rhizomes. Licorice taste sweet, Xingping, Guixin, lung, spleen, stomach diameter, with spleen Yiqi, clear heat and poison, expectorant and cough, relieve pain, reconcile the effects of various drugs. Its cultivation techniques are as follows:

I. soil selection

Licorice has the characteristics of light, drought, heat and cold resistance, developed rhizome and strong vitality. In order to improve its commodity quality and output, sandy loam or black soil with deep soil layer, fertile loose drainage and good drainage should be selected.

2. Raising seedlings

1. Seed treatment. The licorice seeds with good yield and newly harvested last year were soaked in boiling water for 20-30 seconds, soaked in 40 ℃ warm water for 8 hours, and dried.

2. Sowing seeds. It can be sowed in the first ten days of May to facilitate early emergence of seedlings, full emergence of seedlings, and ensure a longer growth period. Before sowing, the deeply turned and leveled land is made into a border with a width of 1.20-1.50 meters and a height of 10 centimeters. The border surface is scraped flat with boards, and sundries such as stones and tiles are picked up. Mix the treated seeds and fine soil well, spread them evenly on the border, and then cover the soil by 0.50-1 cm.

3. Seed and seedling mining. It is generally dug when the aboveground parts withered after Frosts Descent in mid-late October or when transplanting in the field in mid-late March of the following year, which can overwinter on the spot.

3. Transplanting in the field

It can be transplanted in both spring and autumn. It was transplanted from mid-late March to late April in spring and from late September to late October in autumn. The ditch method is adopted, according to the plant spacing of 15 cm and the row spacing of 20 cm. In case of drought, it should be watered at the same time or irrigated before transplanting.

IV. Field management

1. Fertilization. The seedling land and cultivation land were combined with deep ploughing farmland, and 5000 kg of high-quality farm manure was applied per mu as base fertilizer. In the second and third years, 50 kg of calcium superphosphate was applied per mu before the seedlings germinated in the first and middle of spring. 3000-5000 kg of high-quality farm fertilizer was used to apply fertilizer between rows with a depth of 10-15 cm, and the soil was covered after fertilization.

2. Irrigation at the right time. The nursery land should keep the soil moist during the seedling emergence period. In order to prevent the topsoil from hardening, it should be sprinkled once every morning and evening, or sprayed with micro sprinkler irrigation facilities for 30-60 minutes. After Miaoqi, the times of sprinkling and spraying should be gradually reduced, and sprinkler irrigation should be applied every 3-5 days according to the dry and wet condition of the soil, and it should be dry rather than wet in the middle and later stage, so as to facilitate the cultivation of high-quality strong seedlings under the root system, and prevent the occurrence of brown class disease. In case of drought, it can be irrigated in time. The seedlings overwintering in winter can not be irrigated with winter water because of more rainfall.

Licorice cultivated in the field should be irrigated in time after transplanting and once a month after germination. If there is too much rainfall, the drainage ditch should be made in advance to prevent the soil from getting too wet and causing diseases.

3. Ploughing and weeding. When the seedling height of the seedling field is 5 cm, the weeds are removed for the first time, and then weeded in time according to the growth of weeds. The middle root of Glycyrrhiza uralensis cultivated in the field is weeded more than 3 times a year, and the middle root should be shallow rather than deep after 2 and 3 years, so as to avoid horizontal root damage.

4. Pest control. The main diseases and insect pests of Glycyrrhiza uralensis in cold and humid areas are brown spot, aphids, grubs and so on. Brown spot is easy to occur in rainy season when the soil moisture is high, which can be controlled by spraying with 50% methyl topiramate 800-1000 times.

5. Harvest. Licorice can be dug after growing for more than 2 years after transplanting. Generally, it should be dug after Frosts Descent or before sprouting in spring, so as to avoid damage to the root bark and affect the quality of goods.