Improve the bad varieties of Zanthoxylum bungeanum

To improve the bad varieties of Zanthoxylum bungeanum, generally use the method of grafting. The grafting method of Zanthoxylum bungeanum has split grafting, subcutaneous branch grafting and so on. Because the subcutaneous branch grafting method is simple and easy to achieve good effect, this method is often used in production at present. In the specific operation, we should grasp the following points.

I. timely collection

Proper storage of scions begins with winter shears, and it is best to collect them before and after waking. The one-year-old disease-free and pest-free branches with full growth and full buds were selected from the middle and upper part of the crown of the improved parent tree as scions. It is not easy to preserve the scion of Zanthoxylum bungeanum. If the temperature and humidity are not controlled properly, it will sprout ahead of time or lose water to reduce vitality. Therefore, the collected scions should be bundled into small handfuls and placed in the cellar or buried in the shady soil. If the conditions permit, the storage effect of full wax seal is better.

Second, timely grafting

Generally speaking, it can be carried out after the rootstock is peeled in spring, but the best time is between Grain Rain and the Beginning of Summer. Because the grafting is too early, the temperature is unstable, and it is vulnerable to late frost; too late, the temperature rises, which is disadvantageous to scion preservation and affects the survival rate.

Third, careful grafting

1. Cutting rootstocks: young trees can choose a straight cut from about 5-10 cm from the ground, and adult trees can choose straight cut heads from the lower parts of backbone branches or vegetative branches, and remove all sprouts and prickles at the same time to facilitate binding and healing.

2. Cutting scion: select the scion segment with 2-3 strong buds, cut off the prickles, cut the lower end of the scion into a 3-5 cm "Malta-shaped" slope, cut it straight down after reaching the xylem, make it "long, thin and flat", and then cut it into a small slope of 0.5 color 1.0 cm at the lower end of the back, and the lower end of the sharpened scion is "arrowhead", and gently cut off both sides of the epidermis to expose the inner green skin. Then contain it in your mouth or put it in clean water to prevent pollution and water consumption.

3. Cut the rootstock and insert the scion: cut vertically at the upper end of the rootstock, deep into the xylem, which is equal to the length of the scion. Then the long cutting of the scion is facing the xylem and inserted into the slightly exposed white along the incision, so that the cambium on both sides of the scion is tightly attached to the endothelium of the rootstock.

4. binding interface: wrap it tightly and flat with thin film tape from bottom to top, so that it does not leak air and water. Then the rootstock and scion are buried in the soil bag with wet soil to keep moisture and prevent frost, and the germinated shoots are not easy to break.

Fourth, strengthen the post-reception management

1. Wipe out the sprouting tillers on the rootstock in time to prevent the competition for nutrients with the new grafting.

2. Release the bandage at the right time, generally release it 20 days after survival, and remove all the bandages in 30 days or so.

3. Tie up the branches to prevent the wind from breaking. Generally, when the new tip grows to 20-30 cm, tie up the branch in time.

4. Strengthen the management of water and fertilizer. Topdressing quick-acting fertilizer and watering to promote growth. However, in the later season (after August), in order to properly control water and fertilizer, we can spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate outside the roots to promote the Lignification of new branches as early as possible and prevent frost damage in winter.