Cultivation techniques of Fritillaria thunbergii

Herbs perennial, 15-20 cm tall, bulbs globose or conical. Stems erect, glabrous, green or dark purple. Leaves are alternate or nearly opposite except for the lowest opposite, sessile, leaf blade linear or linear-lanceolate. Flowers solitary on top of stem, dark purple, slightly yellow-brown latticulate, 1 foliate bract, 6 tepals, outer 3 suboblong, inner 3 obovate-oblong, nectary pits inconspicuous; capsule oblong, 6-ribbed, narrow wings ca. 1 mm wide on ribs. Fritillaria purpurea wild born at an altitude of 3200~4500 meters, sunny, humus-rich, loose soil on the grassland. It is distributed in western Sichuan, southern Qinghai and southern Gansu. It is mainly produced in Aba area of Sichuan Province and is the main source of commodity "Chuanbei". Kingpin East China, South China and exports.

1. Soil preparation: choose sunny or late sunny flat hillside land, with deep black foam soil and oily sand as well. Soil preparation before immature weed seeds in late summer and early autumn. 3000-4000kg of fire ash fertilizer and 25kg of phosphorus fertilizer are applied in each mu, and the soil is ploughed deeply by 15cm. The soil is ploughed and furrows are made, with the width of the furrows being 1m and the depth of the furrows being 10m.

Second, seed reproduction: because the natural environment for growth is different, the maturity is not consistent, so according to the maturity of the fruit to harvest, when the Fritillaria fruit full loquat yellow but not green, or white grass semi-transparent harvest is best. On the day of seed collection, it is best to cover with ringworm plants in layers, install bamboo baskets, maintain ventilation, and not dry, in order to promote the differentiation of mother embryos and advance the embryo formation time.

1. Sowing: Sowing should be done immediately after fruit picking, and buried in the middle of August to September. There are two kinds of sowing and sowing. a. Drilling method: ditching according to row spacing of 10cm, ditch width of 10cm and depth of 2 cm. Rub out seeds from the fruit, mix well with appropriate amount of sand, and sprinkle them into the ditch. About 20000 seeds are needed per mu. b. Broadcasting method: mix seeds with sand and spread them directly on the surface of the ridge. About 20000 seeds are needed per mu. Sow seeds by hand and cover them with sifted humus for 2 cm, then cover them with twigs, bamboo shoots, etc. to shade and keep them moist and warm. If the soil is dry when sowing, sprinkle appropriate amount of water after sowing to keep the soil moisture until frozen soil.

After the soil thaws in the following year, pay attention to whether the soil is short of water and sprinkle water at the right time to prevent early spring.

2. Seed propagation field management: after thawing in the spring of the following year, remove the covering branches, set up the shade shed, the height of the shed is about 20cm, or remove some branches appropriately, keep the shade degree at about 50%-70%, and pay attention to the seedbed soil can not be dry and ponding. After the seedlings fall in summer, remove the shade, cover 3cm with humus soil and farm manure, and then cover branches and bamboo shoots to prepare for winter. Reduce half of the shade in the next spring, and keep the seedbed dry and free of weeds. The field management in the 2nd and 3rd year is the same as that in the 1st year, except that the shade degree in the 3rd year is 30%, and the shade is not allowed in the 4th year.

Fritillaria unibracteata

3. bulb propagation: selecting bulbs without wound disease spots as seeds when harvesting from July to September, adopting a strip planting method, opening strips according to row spacing of 20cm, plant spacing of 3- 4 cm, and covering soil of 5- 6 cm after planting. Or when planting, divide the petals, make the size uniform, divide the petals should be straight, can not be divided horizontally, can not damage the inner and outer epidermis, with the planting, obliquely planted in the hole, covered with fine soil ash fertilizer about 3-5cm thick, compacted flat.

IV. Field management: weeding at any time, no cultivation. Fertilization 3 times, the first time before planting, apply decomposed farm manure, other management methods with seed reproduction.

5. Pest control: When 1-year-old seedlings are easily injured by ants, 0.5% trichlorfon solution can be added to a little brown sugar, soaked paper or corn pistil, and placed around the seedlings to induce food poisoning. Rats, wild birds harm, the usual method can be used to trap or poison. Disease is often rust, available stone sulfur mixture, zinc, retreat special, enemy lure Na control.

Harvesting and processing: generally harvested 4 years after sowing. 7-8 month, the soil moisture is not high sunny day dig bulb, remove soil, fruit or kang to the surface was pink white, loaded in sacks, gently hit the surface adhesion soil, and then fruit to dry, sieve dust is obtained.