Cultivation techniques of Gleditsia sinensis

Gleditsia sinensis is a leguminous tree, which is a deciduous tree with a height of up to 15-20 meters, a crown of up to 15 meters, fine thorns, reddish brown, often branched, even-pinnate compound leaves, 4-7 pairs of Xiao leaves, dawn leaves ovate, ovate-lanceolate or long oval in shape, 3-8 cm long and 1-3.5 cm wide, apex obtuse, sometimes convex, base obliquely rounded or cuneate, margin serrulate. Flowers polygamous, axillary and terminal racemes, flowers all pilose, flowers apiculate, lobes 4, ovate-lanceolate, petals 4, yellowish white, ovate or long elliptic, stamens 8, 4 long and 4 short, ovary striped, flattened, pods straight and flattened, glossy, black-purple, white powder, 12 cm-30 cm long, seeds mostly flattened, long elliptic, ca. 10 mm, red robe shiny. Spines mostly branched, main thorns Terete, 5 cm-15 cm long, base ca. 8 mm-12 mm thick, terminal sharp, branched thorns usually 1.5-7 cm long, sometimes divergent into small thorns, surface brownish purple, tip reddish brown, slippery or finely wrinkled, hard and difficult to break, xylem yellowish white, grayish brown in the center, and loose pith, odorless, light in taste.

It blossoms in May every year, the fruit ripens in October, and the thorns grow.

1. Seed treatment "thorn tree" seed is the thickest and hardest seed in the leathery cortex of the seed, dark brown, flat oval, invisible bud is not obvious, located in the micro-concave point of the ellipse. Because the hard leather grease is difficult to get into the water, special treatment must be taken before it can germinate.

1. Soak the seeds in boiling water: put the seeds in a 100 ℃ boiling kettle and stir them with a wooden stick. When the water exceeds the seeds, stop adding water and continue to stir until the water temperature is 40 ℃. Cover the mouth of the container and soak for 12-20 hours. The seeds that have been floating on the surface of Peng are separated. Put it in another container and cover it with cotton cloth to moisturize and wait for sowing or batch sowing. The seeds of Weipeng University adopt the above-mentioned method of adding boiling water. Seeds that have been soaked several times are seeds that cannot germinate.

2. Sand cloth forced skin method: the sand cloth forced skin method is to grind the cortex of the big head of the grain on the No. 0 fine sand cloth, (do not grind the bud of the head) as long as the grain is easily swollen into water, and the seeds can be sowed after soaking in water at room temperature for 12 hours. The germination rate of sand grinding method is higher than that of water immersion method.

Second, the planting season is suitable for sowing from April to June in the north and from March to July in the Central Plains and the south. It is suitable for the natural temperature in different areas to be stable at 13 ℃. Planting takes two methods: first raising seedlings and then transplanting or direct seeding.

The main results are as follows: 1. In the seedling raising method, the rotten farm manure (unfermented raw fertilizer is prohibited) is applied in the seedling bed (about 4 cubic meters per mu) as the base fertilizer (no chemical fertilizer). Pour thoroughly on the seedbed for ten days, and after the water is completely immersed in the ground, spread the seeds evenly on the seedbed and cover the soft fine soil for 5 centimeters. It is also possible to raise seedlings by ridging, opening a ditch 5 cm deep on the ridge, filling with enough water, sowing the inflated seeds in the ditch at a distance of 5 cm, and covering the soil no more than 4 cm.

2. Direct seeding method, direct seeding should be carried out under the condition of good soil moisture, moist soil and irrigation conditions to open a ditch 5 cm deep on the defense line. If the land is insufficient, it should be irrigated before sowing, and the sowing method can be sowed according to the above ridging and seedling raising method. It should not be more than 6 centimeters away. If there are underground pests, an appropriate amount of pesticides should be mixed in the inflated seeds to ensure the emergence rate.

Third, when transplanting seedlings up to 25-30 cm, you can transplant on the protective line, and it is best to bring dirt when transplanting. First open a planting ditch 15 cm deep on the protection line, planting the seedlings at the original soil print of the seedling bed. One plant is 20 centimeters away. Fill with enough water after planting, and when cracks are found on the side of the seedling, ploughing is carried out when the humidity is suitable, so as to preserve soil moisture. After the seedlings are fully survived, an appropriate amount of urea can be applied to promote the seedlings when they are watered or rained. Transplanting of one-year-old seedlings should be carried out after falling leaves in autumn or before germination in spring.

4. Management in the later stage of planting at present, no diseases and insect pests have been found in "thorn trees" in China. If diseases and insect pests occur in different areas, appropriate amounts of pesticides can be sprayed according to the types of insect pests. Under the condition of good water and fertilizer, the "thorn tree" grows well in the northern region.