Artificial planting technique of Sophora flavescens

Growth habit

Most of them are born on hillsides, grasslands, plains, hills and beaches. The requirement of soil is not very strict, and all types of soil can grow well. The root system is developed, the requirement for water is not very high, and the requirement for light is not strict, and the intensity of light has little effect on its growth, but the plants grow in the soil with moist, fertile, deep and strong natural fertility.

The plant is more than 150 cm tall, the upper part is much branched. The main root is stout, cylindrical and bitter. Petals yellow or yellow-white. Pods cylindric, seeds brownish yellow or brown, indehiscent after maturity. The flowering period is from June to July and the fruit ripening stage is from September to October. The withering period is in the first ten days of October, with an annual growth rate of 150 days and 160 days. The weight of 1000 seeds is about 50 grams, the storage life under natural conditions is 3 years, and the suitable germination temperature is 1530 ℃. The germination rate of untreated seeds was not high, and the germination rate of 30 ℃ after 5 days was only 20%. In production, the seeds must be mechanically treated before they can be sown.

Sowing method

1. Soil selection and preparation: Sophora flavescens is a deep-rooted plant. It is better to choose sandy loam and clayey loam with deep soil layer, fertile soil and good drainage. Apply compound fertilizer, ploughing 20ml 25cm, fine and leveling, and open the border 1.5 meters wide.

2. Sowing time

Spring sowing or autumn sowing is fine. It is necessary to cover after autumn sowing, otherwise the soil surface is easy to harden, which is not conducive to spring emergence. Autumn sowing should be early and not late. Seeds can be sowed after maturity and finished before soil thawing at the latest. Spring sowing should be planted before and after the Qingming Festival, when the soil moisture is better, which is conducive to seedling emergence.

3. Sowing strip sowing or hole sowing. From the point of view of field management, hole sowing is better. Some seedlings are used for transplanting, but transplanting is more tedious. First repeatedly rake the bed, according to the row spacing of 40-50 cm, plant spacing of 30 cm to dig holes, hole depth of about 3 cm, each hole sowing 6-8 grains, covering flat, slightly suppressed. The sowing rate is 2 kg per mu. The row spacing of strip sowing is 30 cm, the plant spacing is 20 cm, and the seed is 4 kg per mu.

Field management

Under normal conditions, seedlings emerged about 7 days after sowing. As weeds grow fast, they should be removed in time and loosen the soil properly. Root topdressing was carried out in the first ten days of May, mainly nitrogen fertilizer to promote the early vegetative growth of seedlings, and one more topdressing in early July, mainly phosphorus and potassium, to strengthen rejuvenation, promote the accumulation of root nutrients and the differentiation of overwintering buds, and cultivate the soil once in the middle and late August to promote the formation and protection of overwintering buds. Ploughing for 4 to 5 times. Drought is easy to occur in spring in the northern region, so it should be irrigated in time to ensure the normal growth of seedlings. Because the seed coat is not easy to absorb water without treatment and the seed covered with soil is too deep during sowing, there is a phenomenon of emergence in the second or even the third year.

In the same year, the plant height can grow to about 60-70 cm and basically does not bloom. After the plant withered in autumn, the withered branches will be cleaned up and covered with rotten animal dung, one is to protect the overwintering buds, and the other is to play a role of topdressing the growth of the second year.

Before harvest, the management work of the previous year was repeated every year, and the inflorescence was removed for topping to ensure the accumulation of nutrients in the roots, so as to obtain high-quality and high-quality Chinese herbal medicines.

Harvest and processing

Sophora flavescens is used as a root in medicine. After planting for 2 or 3 years, it was dug in spring and autumn, and it was better for those who were picked in autumn. After digging out the root, remove the root head and fibrous root, wash the sediment and dry it. Fresh root slices are sun-dried, which are called Sophora flavescens tablets.