Cultivation techniques of Asarum

Cultivation techniques of Asarum

Asarum is a valuable authentic traditional Chinese medicine in Liaoning, with wide distribution, high output, good quality and best-selling at home and abroad. Artificial cultivation of Asarum has been developed in Xinbin County since 1986, with a retained area of more than 20,000 hectares and high economic benefits. it is one of the main varieties of Chinese herbal medicine. Asarum is used as a medicine with whole herb, with pungent taste and warm nature. It has the function of dispelling wind and dispelling cold, enlightening and relieving pain. It mainly treats wind-cold headache, nasal abyss, toothache, phlegm cough, rheumatism arthralgia; recently, it has been used in the treatment of rhinitis, laryngitis, gastritis and oral erosion.

1. Growth habits of Asarum

Asarum is a happy negative plant, most of which are under broad-leaved forests and mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forests with deep humic soil and fertile soil in mountainous areas, or born in dense shrubs, slightly humid places at the bottom of the gully and at the edge of the forest, so it forms a characteristic of like humidity, fertilizer, shade and fear of strong light, but if the canopy is too large under the forest, the growth is very slow. Practice has proved that Asarum can grow quickly and high yield only through "Hua Dayin" or sufficient scattered light and strengthening the management of water and fertilizer.

2. Seedling raising technique of Asarum.

1. The site for selecting Asarum can be selected under the forest or in ginseng or garden fields with shade sheds. Woodland should be planted under broad-leaved forest or coniferous broad-leaved mixed forest, and the land with suitable transmittance, flat terrain, good drainage and fertile soil is the best. It is best to cultivate Asarum in non-woodland where there are irrigation conditions, and the soil with flat topography, loose and fertile soil and good drainage is better. Clay with poor permeability, excessive sandy air leakage land and low-lying, over-dry and shallow soil are not suitable.

two。 Asarum is cultivated under the soil preparation forest. when preparing the soil, first cut the bottom firewood and remove it from the field, then use a rake to pull out stones and other sundries, and then begin to dig the ground. The depth depends on the depth of the soil layer, do not dig out the bottom of the boss, generally 5mur20cm deep. After ploughing the head, use the rake to cuddle again, clear the roots of the plants and trees out of the field, hold them flat and then plane them again, dig out the roots of the plants and trees left in the soil, and then you can make a bed. To cultivate Asarum in farmland or garden field, the soil should be turned over once (20ml / 30cm deep) and broken. 2000,3000 kg of pig manure should be applied every 667 square meters, and the manure should be turned into the soil and mixed well, flattened and fined, and then made the bed.

3. The method of making Asarum is simple and easy, along the hillside or slightly inclined to the hillside to do the border, do not Hengshan to do the border, in case Rain Water erosion. The general width of the border is 1.2 meters, and the height is 20 centimeters. The length can be determined according to the topography. Generally, it is suitable for 10 meters to 30 meters, but it is not easy to flatten it if it is too long. The width of the operating path is 0.8 meters. The soil under the forest is fertile and generally does not apply base fertilizer.

4. The characteristic of sowing Asarum seeds is that dry seeds are not easy to emerge, so they should be sowed while fresh after harvest. Otherwise, the germination ability will gradually decrease with the extension of dry storage time. The experiment shows that the germination rate of fresh seeds can reach 96%, and the germination rate can be reduced to 2% after 60 days of dry sowing. Timely sowing is the key to improve the germination rate and ensure the whole seedling. After seed collection, it can be sowed if the soil moisture is good. It is generally carried out from late June to early July, no later than the end of July, otherwise it will affect the long roots.

Sowing can be divided into four methods: sowing, strip sowing, hole sowing and whole fruit sowing. The sowing method is to make a groove about 3 cm deep on the surface of the border, scrape the bottom of the groove, spread the fresh seeds mixed with 5 times fine sand evenly in the groove, and then cover it with sifted humus soil 2 cm thick, requiring uniform soil coverage. Sowing seedlings evenly, each plant has a certain nutritional area, which is conducive to growth. But the ability of top soil is weak, in the case of soil consolidation, it is not easy to emerge, and weeding is laborious. It is suitable for sowing in ginseng land and under forest with loose and fertile soil. The strip sowing method is to trench horizontally on the border surface according to the row spacing of 10 cm, with a depth of 3 cm, with 150 seeds per row, seed spacing of about 1 cm, and soil cover of 2 cm. Use about 250 grams of seeds per curtain. The strip sowing method is suitable for raising seedlings in the garden field, the seeds are more concentrated, and the seedlings are easy to emerge from the arch soil, which is convenient for loosening the soil and weeding, but the number of seedlings is small. The hole sowing method is planing and sowing on the border surface. The row spacing is 9mur12cm and the hole spacing is 6cm. Each hole is sown with 10 seeds and covered with soil of 2cm. The seed quantity is close to the strip sowing method. The whole fruit sowing method is to planing and sowing the whole fruit on the border surface, with a row spacing of 9 cm, a row spacing of 8 cm, and a soil cover of 2 cm after sowing. The whole fruit sowing method wastes seeds, planting 700 grams per curtain and 21 kilograms per 667 square meters. Hole sowing and whole fruit sowing method, the top soil capacity is strong, suitable for more consolidated soil, but the emergence of seedlings together affect the growth, the roots are easy to kink together, not easy to transplant, generally not used. After sowing, the border surface is covered with a layer of litter or straw to maintain moisture and prevent border hardening and Rain Water erosion.

5. After Asarum was sown at seedling stage, it only grew roots but did not produce seedlings in that year, and in the following spring, before emergence at the beginning of April, the mulch was removed to make the border surface ventilated and transparent, increase the ground temperature and promote seedling emergence. In case of spring drought, you can withdraw the mulch later, or spray a can to water it after withdrawal to help seedling emergence. In the second year after sowing, the growth of Asarum seedlings is weak, with only two leaves throughout the year, so it is necessary to strengthen field management and often loosen the soil and weed. Where there are conditions before overwintering, a layer of pigsty manure can be covered to protect against cold and preserve soil moisture, and play a role in topdressing. Raising seedlings outside the forest can be shaded by leafy branches or old ginseng curtains.

3. Transplanting

The time of transplanting Asarum is generally divided into spring and autumn, that is, the first and middle of May or the first and middle of October. Spring planting before bud germination, autumn planting after the formation of overwintering buds, autumn planting is better. The transplanting methods of Asarum include wild seedling transplanting, seedling transplanting, terminal bud propagation and so on.

The methods of seedling raising and transplanting are mainly introduced here.

1. In order not to affect the growth of the next year, the seedlings should be selected before transplanting, and Asarum with fresh and disease-free leaves should be selected as seedlings to eliminate rotting, blackening and wilting seedlings to ensure the robust growth of seedlings.

two。 Planting method trench strip planting method, suitable for planting artificially cultivated two-or three-year-old seedlings, open 10 cm deep trench horizontally on the border surface, row spacing 20 cm, plant spacing 4 cm 6 cm, fan-shaped roots, spread out, and then cover soil 4 cm. Then the bed is covered with fallen leaves or straw to keep the soil moist and cold-proof. 40,000 seedlings are needed for every 667 square meters. In case of drought, it can be watered half an hour after covering the soil, and then cover the soil to the border after the water seeps down. Trenching and pit planting method, that is, 14 cm deep trench was opened horizontally on the border surface, 6 pits were planted in each row, 2 large seedlings or 4 small seedlings were planted in each pit, and the pit spacing was 20 cm. From the top of the border to start planting, to pick the soil down the mountain, Asarum Reed tip tilted to the top of the mountain, do not roll the root, cover the soil 20 cm. If the soil moisture is not good, water can be watered when half of the soil is covered, and the border surface can be flattened after the water seeps down. This method is suitable for planting wild seedlings.