Cultivation techniques of motherwort

Motherwort is a Labiatae plant motherwort dry ground whole grass, produced all over the country, mostly wild. Motherwort, which belongs to the same genus, can also be used medicinally. Its seeds are also used medicinally, known as Fengweizi, alias motherwort seed, Kun grass seed, and small flax. In recent years, there have been small-scale cultivation in Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei and other places. Motherwort is a Labiatae plant motherwort dry ground whole grass, produced all over the country, mostly wild. Motherwort, which belongs to the same genus, can also be used medicinally. Its seeds are also used medicinally, known as Fengweizi, alias motherwort seed, Kun grass seed, and small flax. In recent years, there have been small-scale cultivation in Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei and other places.

Growth habit

Motherwort like warm and humid climate, like the sun, generally cultivated crops in the plains and slopes can grow, with more fertile soil is better, need sufficient water conditions, but should not be stagnant water, afraid of waterlogging.

Planting technology

Motherwort is divided into precocious motherwort and winter motherwort, which are generally propagated by seeds and planted by direct seeding, and there are also seedlings and transplants, but the yield is low, which is only 60% of that of direct seeding.

Seed preparation: select seeds that are fresh in that year and have a germination rate of more than 80%. Burrowing sowers prepare 400g / mu and 500g / mu, while strip sowers prepare 500g / mu.

Soil preparation: soil preparation before sowing, compost or rotten barnyard manure 1500~2000kg per mu as base fertilizer, ploughing after application, raking fine and leveling. The broadcasters adjust the 130cm width of the high beds, while the hole sowers may not do so, but they all have to open large and small drainage ditches according to the topography and local conditions.

Sowing: precocious motherwort can be sowed in autumn, spring or summer, and winter motherwort must be sowed in autumn. Spring sowing is suitable during the period from Rain Water to sting (from late February to early March); in the north, summer sowing is used to make use of summer leisure land, and the yield is not high after Grain in Beard's wheat harvest; autumn sowing is mostly adopted in low temperature areas. The period from the Autumn Equinox to Cold Dew (from late September to early October) is the best when the soil is wet. The choice of sowing time in autumn is directly related to the yield and quality of products, which is too early and vulnerable to aphids; if it is too late, it cannot germinate that year due to low temperature and dry soil, and the Spring Equinox can not germinate until Qingming Festival the next year, and the germination is irregular and irregular, and most of them can not sprout and bloom.

Sowing is divided into strip sowing, hole sowing and sowing. Strip sowing is mostly used in plain areas, hole sowing is often used in sloping land, and sowing management is not convenient and not adopted. Before sowing, the seeds are mixed with fire ash or fine soil fertilizer, and then the seeds are mixed with human and animal manure and urine, and the humidity can be dispersed. Generally, fire ash or soil fertilizer 250~300kg and human and animal manure 35~40kg are used per mu. For the strip seeder, the horizontal ditch is opened in the border, the distance between the center of the ditch is about 25cm, the sowing area is about 10cm, the depth of the ditch is 4~7cm, and the bottom of the ditch should be flat. Before sowing, human and animal feces and urine 2500~3000kg are applied in the ditch and then the seed ash is scattered evenly without covering the soil. The acupoint seeder should open the acupoint about 25cm according to the row distance of the acupoint, the diameter of the acupoint is about 10cm, the depth of the acupoint is 3~7cm, and the bottom of the acupoint should be flat. After applying 1000~1200kg human and animal feces and urine to the acupoint, it is not necessary to spread the seed ash evenly.

Field management

Seedling replenishment: seedling height 5cm began to grow between seedlings, and then were carried out for 2 or 3 times, and seedlings were fixed when seedling height 15~20cm. The seeder took the wrong plant to leave the seedling, and the distance between the plant was about 10cm, and the hole seeder left 2-3 seedlings per hole. When it is found that there is a lack of seedlings, it should be transplanted and replanted in time.

Intermediate ploughing and weeding: spring sowing, intermediate ploughing and weeding 3 times, respectively, when the seedling height is about 5cm, 15cm, 30cm; summer sowing, timely according to plant growth; autumn sowing, the first intermediate ploughing and weeding is carried out when the seedlings grow 3-4 true leaves in the same year, and three times in the following year, the method is the same as spring sowing. When ploughing and weeding, ploughing should not be too deep, so as not to hurt the roots; when ploughing in the seedling stage, it is necessary to protect the seedlings from being oppressed by clods, not to mention damaging the stems of the seedlings; and after the last intertillage, cultivate the soil to protect the roots.

Topdressing watering: every time after ploughing and weeding, it is better to apply nitrogen fertilizer, using urea, ammonium sulfate, cake fertilizer or human and animal feces and urine. Pay attention to watering when topdressing, avoid fertilizer too thick, so as not to hurt seedlings. Especially in the application of cake fertilizer, it is emphasized that after it is broken, it should be thoroughly cooked with water and diluted with water before application. When Rain Water is concentrated in the rainy season, to prevent stagnant water, we should pay attention to timely drainage.

Pest control

Diseases: powdery mildew, rust and sclerotinia disease are common.

The main results are as follows: (1) powdery mildew occurs from Grain Rain to the Beginning of Summer, and it is easy to appear in late spring and early summer, which harms leaves and stems. Leaves turn yellow and turn green, produce white powdery matter, and serious ones can cause leaf wilting. Wettable methyl topiramate 50% powder 1000-1200 times or 80 units of gentamicin can be sprayed continuously for 2 times 4 times. In addition to the treatment of powdery mildew, we should start early, prevent and cure once at the initial stage, and prevent and cure continuously for 2 or 3 times during the peak period of the disease.

(2) Rust mostly occurred from Qingming Festival to Grain in Beard (April to May), harming leaves. After the disease, the back of the leaf appeared Auburn protuberance, and there were yellow spots on the leaf surface, which caused the whole leaf to curl and wither and fall off. At the initial stage of the disease, 300 × 400 times rust solution or 0.2% 0.3 degree pomegranate sulfur mixture was sprayed, and then was sprayed continuously for 2 times every 7 to 10 days.

(3) Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a serious disease of motherwort. During the whole growing period, serious diseases occurred during the period from Grain Rain to the Beginning of Summer for spring sowers and from Frosts Descent to the Beginning of Winter for autumn sowers, mostly due to rainy and humid climate. After infection, white spots appeared at the base of the disease, followed by cortical decay, and there were white silky hyphae in the diseased part. when the seedlings were infected, the affected part decayed and died. if they were infected in the stem stage, the epidermis fell off, and the interior was fibrous until the plant died.

The prevention and control methods: first, pay more attention to the selection of land, adhere to the rotation of flood and dry land, and take Heben as the material wheel; second, when virus erosion is found, eradicate the diseased soil in time, spread raw lime powder, and spray 600x 65% zinc wettable powder or Bordeaux solution 1 ∶ 1 ∶ 300 solution.

Insect pests: there are aphids, ground tigers, etc.

The main results are as follows: (1) aphids are serious, do harm to plants, and often cause them to atrophy and die. Control methods: first, sowing in time to avoid the growing period of pests and reduce the harm of aphids. Second, after the occurrence, it was sprayed with tobacco lime water 1 ∶ 1 ∶ 10 solution or 2000 times 40% dimethoate EC.

(2) the ground tiger harms the seedlings and is easy to cause lack of plants and short seedlings. Prevention and cure method: can adopt the method that heap grass through killing, catch and kill in the morning, at the same time, can also be poisoned with poison bait.

In addition, pests such as red spiders and grubs will also occur in motherwort orchards, but they are not serious and can be treated by conventional methods. Then there is the animal damage, that is, during the seedling period, the hare often eats, which can be plastered or hunted by lime or grass people in the field to prevent the seedlings from being destroyed.