Key techniques for High-yield cultivation of Gardenia jasminoides

Gardenia jasminoides, also known as Gardenia jasminoides, yellow gardenia, with its fruit for medicinal use and extraction of natural pigment. Medicine has the functions of purging fire and removing annoyance, clearing heat and dampness, cooling blood and detoxification; using its fruit as raw material to extract natural pigment is widely used in food industry and export. In recent years, the demand for Gardenia jasminoides in domestic and foreign markets has increased rapidly, and the market trend is very good. In order to increase the yield and economic benefits of Gardenia jasminoides, several main measures for high yield cultivation of Gardenia jasminoides are introduced as follows:

I. selection of land and land preparation

The selection and preparation of gardenia planting land is to lay a solid foundation for the high yield of gardenia. The planting land of Gardenia jasminoides with high yield should choose the middle and lower part of the sunny hillside from north to south and east-west or sandy soil with deep soil layer, loose fertility and good drainage, and the barren slope should be completely reclaimed in the first winter, and then dig holes according to the row spacing of 1.5x1.2m or 1.3x1.2m. After weathering in winter, the mature farm manure 5kg was applied to each hole before planting in the second spring, and the soil and fertilizer were mixed well to be planted.

2. Rational pruning and shaping

After planting, the gardenia tree was trimmed into a natural happy shape with an expanded crown. Specific methods: in the first year after planting, the sprouts within the 20cm of the trunk from the ground were erased as the fixed height of the stem. When growing slightly to 18~20cm, three or four strong branches with different growth directions were selected and cultured into the main branch. in the summer of the second year, between the leaf axils of the main branches, 3 strong branches were selected as secondary main branches, which grew in different directions and lengthened the top shoot in turn. In the future, the side branches will be released on the secondary main branch. The third year will enter the fruiting period. Through reasonable shaping, the crown is hollow in the outer circle, the branches are sparse, ventilated and transparent, the balance among growth, development, branching, flowering and fruiting is adjusted, the useless consumption of nutrients is reduced, the fruiting area is increased and the yield is increased.

III. Scientific fertilization

In the first to second year after planting, the plant is in the vegetative growth period, and fertilization should be dominated by topdressing nitrogen fertilizer and supplemented by phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. The combination of planting and tillage and weeding was applied three times a year, respectively, in spring, summer and autumn, human and animal manure 1500~2000kg was applied every 667m2 for the first and second time, and barnyard manure 2000kg was applied for the third time. After application, the soil was cultivated to promote the crown growth. When Gardenia jasminoides entered the fruiting stage, phosphorus and potassium were mainly applied, and nitrogen fertilizer was determined according to plant growth to improve the fruiting rate. The spring fertilizer was applied for the first time, and urea 25kg and cake fertilizer 50kg were applied every 667m2 from March to April every year. The second time to apply strong fruit fertilizer, from May to June, increase the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, control the amount of nitrogen fertilizer, apply compound fertilizer 50kg every 667m2, and use 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 1% urea solution or 3% superphosphate solution 75~100kg, choose sunny days to spray leaves, flowers and fruits as extra-root topdressing. When the autumn shoot promoting fertilizer was applied for the third time, more than 95% of the autumn shoot top buds of gardenia formed flower buds, while the autumn shoot flower buds accounted for more than 85% of the fruiting plants. this time, the shoot promoting fertilizer was particularly important, usually in front of the Beginning of Autumn, applying barnyard manure 2000kg mixed with 30kg cake fertilizer, 5kg urea mixed open-loop ditch application and covering soil after application to promote autumn shoot growth and flower bud differentiation. The fourth time after fruit harvest, the stable fertilizer was applied every 667m2, and the turf ash (fire soil ash) 2000kg and calcium superphosphate 25~30kg were mixed evenly, then the ring ditch was applied to cultivate the soil, which was winter fertilizer, mainly to supplement a large amount of nutrients consumed by Gardenia jasminoides fruit, restore plant growth, contribute to flower bud differentiation and avoid fruiting every other year, so as to enhance the cold resistance of plants. Among the four times of topdressing, the next two times of topdressing are particularly important, and the amount of fertilizer still accounts for 2/3 of the total amount of fertilizer in the whole year.

During the peak flowering period of Gardenia jasminoides, 0.15% borax was sprayed. When Xiehua 3 / 4 was sprayed with 5 g gibberellin per 100kg or a mixture of 8~10g2.4~D and 0.3% urea and 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate per 1000kg, it was sprayed once every 10 to 15 days, twice in succession, which could promote the growth of Gardenia jasminoides, accelerate the cell value, and reduce the formation of pedicel delamination, thereby increasing the fruit setting rate.

IV. Timely harvest

The timely harvest of Gardenia jasminoides has a great influence on the yield and quality. if the green pericarp is not yet mature, the drying rate is low, the yield is not high, and the quality is poor, but if harvested too late, it is difficult to dry, easy to mildew and not only difficult to keep, but also poor quality. Therefore, Gardenia jasminoides should be harvested timely when the pericarp is red and yellow, and the sunny day is the best, the processed products not only have high drying rate, but also have excellent quality.