High-yield cultivation techniques of Flos Magnoliae

Xinyi flower, alias Wangchunhua, Magnolia, purple jade flower, magnolia and so on. It is a small deciduous tree of Magnolia of Magnoliaceae. With flower buds for medicinal use, it has the functions of dispelling wind and dispelling cold, warming lung and dredging orifices and so on. It mainly treats cold, headache, nasal congestion, sinusitis, rhinitis, runny nose, toothache and so on. The main producing areas are Henan, Anhui, Hubei, Sichuan, Shaanxi, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and other provinces.

Morphological characteristics

1. Deciduous trees, 6-12 m tall; branchlets glabrous. Simple leaves alternate, mostly oblong-lanceolate, entire, both sides glabrous, papery. The buds are gray-white, yellow-white and long sericeous, and the hairs are more spreading. Flowers first leaves open, tepals 9, pink, outer whorls 3 sepal-shaped, linear; inner 2-whorled tepals, long spatulate; stamens numerous, carpels numerous, separate, ovary 1-loculed, ovules 2. Aggregate fruit cylindrical, light brown, seed red.

2. Magnolia and Wangchunhua are basically the same. But leaves large, leathery, broadly Obovate or ovate-elliptic, glossy above, lower surface pilose. Flowers large, white, tepals 9, arranged in 3 rounds, 3 pieces in each round. Pedicel thick and short, pedicel and bud densely covered with gray-yellow long sericeous, hairs appressed.

3. Wudang Magnolia and Wangchunhua are basically the same. But the leaves are large, leathery, long Obovate, apex pointed, base cuneate. The buds are inverted conical and covered with yellowish silk hairs. Tepals 10-12-15, nearly similar, Obovate-spatulate or broadly spoon-shaped. The flowers are big and pink.

First, the growth habit Xinyi flower likes the warm climate, likes the sunny environment. It is slightly hardy and can survive the winter in the open field at-15 ℃. Soil requirements are not strict, barren mountains, houses in front of the house, both sides of the road, both sides of the river, can be cultivated, with deep soil layer, loose fat jacket sandy loam cultivation is better. Low-lying land, heavy clay and saline-alkali land are not suitable for cultivation.

Second, select fields with high terrain and good drainage for soil preparation and fertilization, and cultivate them carefully. Combined with soil preparation, apply sufficient basic fertilizer: 300 kg of soil miscellaneous fertilizer, 20 kg of urea and 50 kg of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer per mu. Then make a high bed 1.5 meters wide and wait for sowing.

Third, sow Xinyi flowers and propagate with seeds. It can also be propagated by cutting, ramet and grafting.

Seed reproduction: before sowing, mix the collected seeds with coarse sand and knead them repeatedly to remove the red fleshy skin. Then carry out sand storage: mix the seeds with wet sand at 1:3, spread them evenly in a pre-dug pit, cover them with weeds and maintain humidity. When the seeds are white in the next spring, they can be sowed into the whole border according to the row spacing of 25 cm, and water to preserve soil moisture to facilitate survival. After the seedlings were collected, the field management should be strengthened and the seedlings could be transplanted after 2 years of cultivation.

Cutting propagation: in summer, select 1-2-year-old stout twigs, take the lower part, cut into 20 cm long cuttings, each section should have 2-3 nodes. The lower end is cut into a horseear-shaped slope, each 50 into a bundle, and the lower part is immersed in 500ppm rooting powder solution for 15 seconds, then it can be inserted into the whole border surface according to the row spacing of 20 × 7 cm, and water is watered to preserve soil moisture in order to survive. After the seedlings were collected, the field management should be strengthened and the seedlings could be transplanted after 2 years of cultivation.

Branch propagation: before and after the Beginning of Spring, dig up the root seedlings of the old plant and plant them separately. Watering to preserve soil moisture, in order to survive.

Grafting propagation: the rootstock uses 1-2-year-old seedlings of Magnolia or Magnolia, and the scion uses 1-year-old branches from excellent mother plants that have blossomed and fruited. In late May, slightly with xylem, bud grafting or T-shaped bud grafting, the survival rate of grafting is high at 2-5 p.m. Unbind the rope after survival. After the new buds grow, cut and paste, erase the rootstock buds, and manage them. Grafting propagation is the main way for Magnolia to produce prematurely and prolifically. Transplanting: in spring and autumn, Xinyi seedlings were planted on the whole border surface according to the row spacing of 3 × 2 meters, and watered to preserve soil moisture in order to survive.

Fourth, field management after Xinyizi seedlings or transplanting survived, attention should be paid to ploughing and weeding. Timely watering in dry weather and immediate drainage in cloudy and rainy weather. After transplanting, topdressing twice a year. Before germination in spring for the first time, 25 kg of urea and 50 kg of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer were applied per mu. The second time in winter, sprinkle a layer of soil and miscellaneous fertilizer on the border. In order to increase income, in previous years, appropriate intercropping of some annual crops such as melons and fruits, vegetables, medicinal herbs, and so on, to achieve the goal of short-term growth. In the process of magnolia growth, it is also necessary to prune the Xinyi tree into a high-yielding tree with open stratification or natural happy shape.

Fifth, there are few diseases and insect pests to control Xinyi flower diseases. if found, they can be controlled by conventional methods. The main pests are diamondback moth, diamondback moth and wood cysticercus. Phoxim 500 times solution combined with permethrin spray was used to control.

Sixth, harvest and processing seedlings do not blossom until 5-7 years after transplanting. Unopened buds are usually collected from December to February of the following year. After drying the collected buds, they can be sold. The average yield per mu is 150 Mu 250 kg.