Soil element feeding and management and egg sheath hatching technology

Feeding and management technology

I. feeding methods

Can be raised in a tank or in a basin, or in a pond. The indoor temperature should always be kept at about 30 ℃ so that it can be on the market in 9 months; if it is raised in the natural temperature outside, it will take about 30 months to go on the market.

2. Feeding and management

1. Raising soil for preparation. 30% of the loam in the field and 70% of the fermented sawdust were mixed and exposed to the sun. 30% of plant ash and 70% of field soil can also be used for sun exposure after mixing.

2. Temperature and humidity. Suitable temperature and humidity for soil element growth: indoor temperature 30 ℃ ~ 32 ℃, humidity 70% 80%, breeding soil temperature 28 ℃ ~ 30 ℃, humidity 15% 20%.

3. Feed. A, concentrate feed. Plant feed includes grain, cake, rice bran, wheat bran, animal feed such as fish meal, silkworm pupa meal, bone meal and so on. B, green feed. Including a variety of vegetables, fresh and tender wild vegetables, tender forage grass, tender leaves, crop leaves and so on. C, succulent feed. Including melons, fruits, pears, peaches, carrots, white radishes, potatoes and other more moisture feed. Reference feed formula: corn (2315,-8.00,-0.34%) meal 50%, wheat bran 25%, soybean meal 10%, bone meal 5%, fish meal 2%, vegetable leaf meal 8%.

4. Management. A, environmental control. The air in the feeding room should be fresh, and the window should be often opened for ventilation when heating and raising in winter, but the temperature difference should not exceed 5 ℃. The thickness of feeding soil is 715cm in larval stage and 2025cm in adult stage. The humidity of the raised soil is 15%-18%. B, the feeding density per square meter. There are 80, 000 ~ 200000 sesame, 80, 000 ~ 100000 mung beans, 30, 000 ~ 40, 000 beans, 14000 ~ 20, 000 broad beans, 8000 ~ 10, 000 adults and 4000 ~ 5000 spawning females.

III. Harvesting and primary processing

Male worms mature early and make a choice when their wing buds just grow, pick out those with large size and good color and leave them as seeds, and the excess ones are scalded to death with boiling water and dried as medicine. After molting for 9 times for 11 times, all the females were screened out, and the seeds with large size and good color were selected, and the excess ones were killed and dried in the sun. Be careful not to harvest on cloudy days.

Prevention and control of egg sheath mold rot

The cause is caused by fungi. Because the container that keeps the egg sheath is not clean, mold grows when the humidity is too high, causing the egg sheath to become moldy.

Symptoms of moldy egg sheath flow out of white liquid, in the magnifying glass observation can see white moldy filaments, moldy egg sheath has a bad smell.

Prevention and cure

First, the collected breeding soil must be exposed to the sun before it can be used.

2. Collect the egg sheath every 5 to 7 days. The collected egg sheath is removed, washed and dried, then 1 part of 3% bleach powder and 9 parts of lime powder are wrapped in gauze and sprinkled on the egg sheath. After 30 minutes, the powder is screened out and the egg scabbard is preserved. How to prevent and cure green mold

The cause of the disease is that the humidity of the environment is too high, the green mold propagates rapidly, and the soil element is caused by the green mold infection.

Symptoms infected Tuyuan's abdomen is dark green, there are spots, limbs contraction, antennae sagging, not unearthed to eat. When the air humidity is high, the feeding soil should be dry, and the water content of the feed should be less; often remove the leftover feed, and the feed plate should be often cleaned and disinfected.

In the treatment, the infected soil elements were selected and 0.5% formalin was used to disinfect the worms; the healthy insects in the disease breeding pond were screened out and 3% formalin was used to disinfect the breeding pond; antibiotics were mixed in the feed fed to the disease soil element, and 1 gram of chlortetracycline or oxytetracycline powder was mixed in every kilogram of feed.

Prevention and treatment of tympanosis

Cause early spring and late autumn, Tuyuan ate a lot of food, the temperature suddenly turned low, its metabolic capacity decreased, causing indigestion. Symptoms infected with Tuyuan's swollen abdomen, inconvenience to crawl, loss of appetite or abstinence, diarrhea, green feces, loss of luster.

It should be warmed up to prevent a sudden drop in temperature. The amount of food intake varies with the weather, more when the temperature is high and less when the temperature is low. Feed less green feed on rainy days, and add 0.02% oxytetracycline or sulfonamidine to the soil element feed when the temperature is low.

In the treatment, 2 tablets of pepsin, 2 tablets of berberine and 2 slices of rhubarb soda were added to each kilogram of feed.

Reproductive characteristics and egg sheath hatching techniques

Tuyuan is an incomplete abnormal insect, which goes through three stages: egg, nymph and adult, which is one less pupa stage than that of completely abnormal insect. For each molting of the nymph, the instar is 1 year longer, the body weight and body length increase by 1 grade, and the reproductive growth and development advances by one stage. The male worm molted for 7 times and matured after 270 to 320 days, while the female nymph matured after 9 molting times and 450 to 500 days.

Tuyuan is bisexual and oviparous. A male Tuyuan could mate with 3 or 5 females in a lifetime. After mating, the wing of the male Tuyuan broke and died one month later, and the female began to lay eggs about 7 days after mating. The peak mating period is in summer and autumn, and the mating rate is the highest at 25 ℃ ~ 32 ℃. During the mating season, males account for 40% of the total number of adults. Under the natural temperature, the spawning period is from May to October, and the spawning period is from June to September. A healthy female adult produces 70 million egg sheaths. The hatching rate of egg sheath is related to preservation time and temperature. the hatching rate is low when the preservation time is long and the temperature is high. The egg sheath could hatch for 4 months under the condition of 12 ℃ ~ 15 ℃, but it could not be preserved for a long time at the temperature above 20 ℃.

Hatching containers can be made of plastic pots, wooden pots, plastic buckets, etc., and sterilized with 0.2% potassium permanganate solution before use. The hatching soil is made of 30% field loam and 70% sawdust, which must be taken from fermented broad-leaved trees. Before use, the hatching soil was exposed to the sun for more than 3 days to kill eggs, molds, etc., then sprayed with 0.1% potassium permanganate solution for disinfection, and the humidity was about 20%, that is, the hand could be held into a mass, and the egg sheath was soaked in 0.2% potassium permanganate solution for 3 minutes for 5 minutes. Then, the egg sheath and hatching soil were mixed in a ratio of 1 ∶ 1 and placed in a container covered with 4 layers of wet gauze. Soak the wet gauze in time and remove the excess moisture to facilitate ventilation. After the hatching soil is dry, sift out the egg sheath, sprinkle water on the hatching soil, mix well, then mix with the egg sheath and cover with wet gauze. The temperature of the incubator is kept at about 30 ℃, the humidity of the hatching soil is kept at about 20%, and the indoor relative humidity is 70%-80%. Nymphs can be hatched after about 40 days.