Bletilla striata planting technique

1. Bletilla striata is the dry rhizome of Bletilla striata of Orchidaceae. Alias white root, ground screw, white chicken baby, sheep horn seven, Achnatherum splendens, purple orchid and so on. It is a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine with the functions of tonifying the lung and stopping bleeding, detumescence and muscle formation. It mainly treats hemoptysis of pulmonary tuberculosis, hemoptysis of bronchiectasis, hematemesis of gastric ulcer, hematuria, hematochezia, etc., and external use for the treatment of traumatic bleeding, burn and scald, chapped hands and feet, etc. Now the glue membrane block made of Bletilla striata is used for liver and spleen surgery to stick to the knife edge, instead of blood forceps, the effect is especially good, it has the effect of rapid blood clotting, and can be used in surgery instead of plasma. Mainly produced in Sichuan, Yunnan, Shaanxi, Anhui, Hubei. It is also cultivated in Guizhou.

Second, morphological characteristics of perennial herbs. The plant height is 30cm to 60cm. Tuber fleshy, white, with 2-3 forks in the shape of a water chestnut, with whisker roots, often several concomitant, terminal racemes, often 3-8 flowers; light purplish red flowers, irregular petals. Capsule Terete, with 6 longitudinal ribs, slightly pointed at both ends. Seeds small, numerous. The flowering period is from April to May and the fruiting period is from July to August. There are two kinds of Bletilla striata, and there is a yellow-white flower, leaf-shaped lanceolate, narrow leaf Bletilla striata. Among the purple safflower, there are large species and small species, among which the tuber yield of the big species is higher.

Third, the growth characteristics prefer warm, cool and humid environment; not resistant to cold. Requires fertile, loose and well-drained sandy soil or humus loam. It is required to be cultivated on shady slopes or more humid plots.

Fourth, planting techniques 1. Select land preparation; choose loose and fertile sandy loam and humus loam, warm, slightly wet environment, not cold-resistant, good drainage mountain planting, shady slope wasteland should be selected for planting. After the previous harvest, the soil is ploughed more than 20 cm. Before ploughing, trifluralin can be used to kill soil grass species, apply stable manure and compost, 1500-2000 kg of farm manure per mu, and 50 kg of ternary organic compound fertilizer can be applied without farm manure. Then turn the ground to mix the soil and fertilizer evenly. Shallow ploughing once before planting, the soil is fine, raked flat and made into a high border with a width of 130mm and 150cm. two。 The method of propagation: it is difficult to sow Bletilla striata with seeds and it is easy to propagate by tuber. 9Mel-when harvested in November, the tubers with old stems and buds of the same year should be selected for planting. In the south, they should be planted as soon as they are dug, and in the north, the seeds should be stored and planted in the following spring. Storage method: Bletilla splendens tubers were dug back to a ventilated and dry place to dry for several days. Then, mix 1 seed stem with 2-3 times of clean and slightly dry fine river sand in a ventilated, cool, dry corner of the house. A few kinds of stems can be mixed with fine sand and stored in wooden boxes. Do not cover the top of the box, and pay attention to regular inspection, find moldy and deal with it in time. Planting in the south of the Yangtze River is more than in autumn from September to October, and it is suitable to be planted in spring from March to April in Northwest China. Autumn planting, select the same year, with buds of the tuber cut into small pieces, each piece should have 1-2 buds. Then, according to the row spacing of 33 cm, plant spacing of 23-25 cm, dig a hole of 10-13 cm deep, hold the bottom of the hole flat, and plant 3 stems in each hole. When planting, the bud mouth will be staggered in a triangle and placed flat at the bottom of the hole. After planting, cover with fine fertile soil or fire soil ash, irrigate once thin human and animal manure water, cover soil and border surface flush. Compacted, watered, covered with grass, often kept moist, 3-April seedlings. 100kg per mu of seedlings, about 6000. 3. Field management (1) Bletilla striata in field management has strict requirements for weeding, planting is closed by spraying Acetochlor, and weeding is generally done 4 times a year. The first time is after the full seedling in April, and the second time is in June, when the weeds grow fast, and the seedlings of Bletilla striata are small, so weeds should be eliminated in time to avoid grass shortage. The third time was from August to September, and the fourth time was combined with crops to loosen the border surface to eradicate weeds. Each ploughing should be shallow to avoid root injury. (2) topdressing Bletilla striata likes fertilizer. During the growth period, potassium dihydrogen phosphate or thin human and animal feces and urine are sprayed once a month, 1500-2000 kg per mu. From August to September, a slightly thicker liquid fertilizer can also be applied and mixed with superphosphate and compost, then sprinkled on the border surface, combined with the third intermediate ploughing and weeding, and the soil is pressed into the border. (3) Irrigation and drainage Bletilla prefers to be overcast and wet, and the cultivated land should always be kept moist and watered in time in case of drought. Water was watered once in the morning and evening from July to September. Bletilla striata is also afraid of waterlogging, the rainy season or every heavy rain should be timely dredging to remove excess stagnant water to avoid rotting roots. Bletilla striata grows slowly and has been cultivated for a long time. Short-term crops can be planted between rows in the first two years to make full use of land and increase income. 4. Disease and pest control (1) Root rot disease: in the south, it often occurs in the rainy season of spring and summer. Prevention and control methods: pay attention to waterlogging and waterproof, dig deep drainage ditches. (2) ground tiger and golden needle worm: there are many underground pests, which can be driven by spraying a small amount of camphor powder with water; diseases can be sprayed with carbendazim or chlorothalonil, or they can be artificially trapped and killed or mixed with poisonous soil, and ground insects can be applied to the seedling bed. Use 50% zinc parathion EC 700 times liquid to irrigate the seedling bed. Fifth, after harvesting and processing the seeds of Bletilla striata, the seeds were harvested in 3 or 4 years when the aboveground stems withered in October, when the underground stems had grown into 8-10, and the tubers were dug to remove the soil and processed. Pick the tuber individually, select the tuber that leaves the new stem for seed, cut off the stem, soak it in clean water for 1 hour, wash the soil and boil it in boiling water for 5 minutes. When there is no white heart in the tuber, take out the sun to dry or Kang until completely dry. Remove rough skin and fibrous roots and sift out impurities. The general mu harvest fresh goods 800-1000 kg, can process 200 MUE 300 kg. It is better to have a large, full, white, translucent and solid one.