Cultivation techniques and seedling colonization of Schisandra chinensis

1. During the planting period, Schisandra chinensis can be planted in autumn or spring, before the soil is frozen in autumn, and 50 cm deep below the surface in spring.

II. Planting techniques

1. The water content of soaked seedlings is often insufficient after being stored or transported from other places in winter. In order to facilitate the germination and rooting of the seedlings, the whole plant was soaked in clean water for 12 hours and 24 hours.

2. Before planting, it is necessary to fix the stem of the seedling, leave 4 or 5 full buds on the trunk, cut off the underground transverse stem, cut off the diseased and rotting root system and retract the overgrown root system.

A, dig Dingzhu point (groove). In the area that has been deeply ripe in the autumn of the year before last, flatten each row of planting belt, dig the planting hole according to the designated plant distance, and the planting hole is round, 40 cm in diameter and 30 cm deep. If the plant distance is close, planting ditch can also be dug. When using hedge cultivation, the planting point should be on the projection line of the frame. In order to ensure the accuracy of plant planting, steel coil ruler should be used, or a cable with obvious mark (plant distance length) should be used to measure. Later hole digging and planting should be measured by steel tape or this kind of distance measuring line.

B, planting method. The soil dug out from the planting hole is mixed well with 2.5 kg of high-quality mature organic fertilizer in each hole, and then half of it is backfilled into the hole. The central bulge is in the shape of steamed bread and tramples firmly, making it about 10 cm above the ground. Put the selected seedlings into the center of the hole, spread the root system around, break and bury the remaining soil on the root, gently shake, so that the root system and the soil close. After filling and stepping on the soil, use the soil around the seedlings to make a round water plate with a diameter of 50 centimeters, or make an irrigation ditch with a width of 50 centimeters. After the water seeps, rake the ridge of the water plate. The whole process of planting seedlings from the beginning of the seedling to the end of burying the soil, pay attention to the careful operation, and the seedlings should not be placed in the ground for too long to prevent the roots from drying up in the wind and the sun, affecting the survival rate. The seedlings planted in autumn are 20-30 cm thick on the seedlings before winter, cover all the seedlings in the soil, and then pick up the mound after the beginning of spring. When planting in spring, the soil should also be covered after water seepage, so as to prevent the tree plate soil from drying and cracking and running away moisture.

II. Management in the year of planting

1. The significance of planting in the current year the winter climate in the central and northern regions of Northeast China is very cold, the growth date suitable for the annual development cycle of Schisandra chinensis is very short, only about 150 days, and the frost-free period is only about 120 days. The root system of Schisandra chinensis seedlings is very underdeveloped, the branches are also thin and weak, and the growth is generally small in the first year of planting, only to strengthen management. In order to promote Schisandra chinensis seedlings to have a larger growth and ensure a higher survival rate in the year of planting.

2. Soil management in the year when Schisandra chinensis was planted, although the soil management was relatively simple, it was very important. In order to ensure the vigorous growth of seedlings, the method of clear ploughing in the whole garden was basically adopted. The weeding was carried out for more than 5 times in the whole year to keep the soil loose and weed-free in the planting belt of Schisandra chinensis. In general, Schisandra chinensis planted in that year has a relatively slow growth period after germination, during which individual plants will appear capping phenomenon, mainly because the root system has not yet grown enough absorbing roots, and the plant mainly depends on the consumption of nutrients accumulated by itself. so the new shoots grow slowly. When the leaves grow to a certain extent, enough nutrients can be produced and transported to the plant and root system, so as to promote root growth. Urea or foliar fertilizer can be properly sprayed to promote leaf photosynthesis. By late May, the root system had sent out a large number of absorbed roots, and there was also a certain amount of nutrient accumulation in the plant, so the upper shoots began to grow rapidly, and the capped shoots germinated again. At this time, it is a critical period for management, and it is necessary to strengthen fertilizer and water management. Urea or diammonium phosphate 5 grams per plant can be applied. In order to promote the full maturity of Schisandra chinensis branches, phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer can be applied in the first and middle of August, each plant is applied with calcium superphosphate l () g, potassium sulfate 10g 15g, or foliar spraying 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate.

In case of drought and irrigation, special attention should be paid to drainage in the rainy season, and stagnant water must be eliminated in time, otherwise it is easy to cause seedling death.

III. Plant management

1. New shoot management the growth of Schisandra chinensis in the year of planting is closely related to seedling quality and management measures, so plant management must be strengthened on the premise of ensuring seedling quality. Generally speaking, the new shoots can not be treated in the slow growth period after seedling germination. after the new shoots begin to grow rapidly from late May to early June, when the length of the new shoots reaches about 50 cm, according to different cultivation patterns, each plant can be selected to leave 1 or 2 strong main vines, which can be introduced to the shelf in time, and the support can use bamboo pole or anti-aging Schisandra special rope. For other new shoots, the method of coring can be taken to inhibit its growth, promote the production of nutrition and ensure the rapid growth of plants. When the plant grows more than 2 meters, it is necessary to pick the heart in time to promote the maturity of the branches. If the secondary shoots are produced, the dense secondary shoots should be removed. Generally, the spacing between the secondary shoots should be kept at about 5cm and 20cm, and the secondary shoots should be coring at the length of about 30cm to promote the growth and fullness of the secondary shoots.

2. For the seedlings of Schisandra chinensis to control diseases and insect pests, insect pests and infectious diseases are rarely occurred in general, but the inspection must be strengthened. As the one-year-old seedlings are weak, once the occurrence of diseases and insect pests, it will have a great impact on the growth of the plant. In particular, the observation of black spot and powdery mildew of Schisandra chinensis should be strengthened to prevent and cure it as soon as possible. For more information on the prevention and control methods, please see the pest control section.