Construction of High-yield Forest in Eucommia ulmoides Mountain area

Eucommia ulmoides is a valuable traditional Chinese medicine, which has the efficacy of tonifying liver and kidney, strengthening muscles and bones, tonifying waist and knees, removing soreness, removing itching and dampness under yin, urinating and leaking, and has a certain curative effect on hypertension. Eucommia ulmoides is covered with treasures all over the body, and the bark is a valuable medicinal material, which is commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine to tonify the liver and kidney, strengthen muscles and bones, benefit waist and knees, lower blood pressure, and has the effect of calming the fetus and preventing miscarriage. Eucommia ulmoides is rich in Eucommia gum in its skin, leaves and fruits. It has a high degree of insulation, adhesion, wear resistance and strong acid and alkali resistance. It is an important insulation raw material for making all kinds of submarine cables. With tough and delicate material and white color, Eucommia ulmoides is a good material for furniture, ships and sleepers. Eucommia ulmoides is easy to cultivate and has high economic benefits. it is not only a kind of medicinal plant suitable for the development of mountain areas, but also a good project for the adjustment of agricultural planting structure.

I. Seedling cultivation

1. Nursery site selection

Choose land with loose soil, moist and fertile soil and good drainage.

2. Make a bed by preparing the ground.

Before raising seedlings, the nursery land was ploughed deeply, weeds were removed, basal fertilizer was applied, and cake fertilizer 200kg was applied per mu. At the same time, per mu of cooked lime 15kg was applied to disinfect the soil to kill underground pests. Then the ground is fined to make a seedling bed 1m wide.

3. Seed treatment

Collect seeds from mature mother trees with fast growth, smooth bark, high yield, thick effective cortex, good quality, good sex, strong resistance and more than 20 years old. After soaking the seeds in cold water for 10 hours 30 days before sowing, the first-class seeds sink to the bottom; after continuing to soak for 24 hours, the medium seeds begin to sink; the rest floating on the water and suspended in the water are inferior seeds. Filter out the floating seeds, take out the sunken seeds and mix them with sand in the proportion of 1 ∶ 3, spread them on the cool and ventilated ground for germination. After 30 days of storage, the kernels fully expanded and germinated, and the buds showed a little white tip, that is, the sand grains were screened and sown in the nursery.

4. Sowing technology

Generally, the average daily temperature is more than 10 ℃ from February to the middle of March. Using strip sowing method, strip spacing 20~30cm, sowing 10kg per mu or so. Sowing depth 5cm, cover soil 2cm, after covering soil, cover the seedling bed with plastic film or rice straw (or wheat straw) to prevent soil water evaporation and Rain Water erosion.

II. Establishment of a garden

1. Garden site selection

Choose deep and fertile soil layer, rich in organic matter, loam or sandy loam, and try to avoid clayey soil. The suitable soil pH is 6.5-7.5. The thickness of soil layer in hilly area should not be lower than that of 40cm. The mountain area should be selected in the middle and lower part of the hillside, with a slope of no more than 25 °.

2. Fine land preparation

In order to build high-yield Eucommia ulmoides forest in mountainous areas, the method of soil preparation by digging planting holes in terraced fields should be advocated, which can not only conserve soil and water, but also dig large holes locally to meet the needs of plant root growth. The specific method of site preparation is to repair the anti-slope terrace with a width of 2m and 3m on the hillside (the direction of the terrace slope is opposite to that of the hillside), and the length of the terrace depends on the specific topography and topography. After the terrace is repaired, the planting point is determined according to the plant distance of 3m along the center line of the terrace, and the planting pit is dug with the planting point as the center. The size of the planting pit should be 80cm of length, width and depth. In the construction of anti-slope terraces, the topsoil and mature soil should be left in the terraces, and the underlying soil should be used as ridges. The outer edge of the terrace should be firmly built to prevent collapse.

3. Apply sufficient base fertilizer

On the basis of meticulous soil preparation, sufficient base fertilizer should be applied at one time. Stable fertilizer 15kg should be applied to each planting pit, and various cake fertilizers (crushed bean cake, rapeseed cake or cottonseed cake) 3kg can be added when conditions permit. The application of base fertilizer can not only increase nutrients and promote the growth of seedlings, but also loosen soil, improve soil structure and improve soil water conservation capacity.

3. Planting

1. Planting density

The density has a direct impact on the population structure and production of high-yield forest. Too small density will cause a waste of land, too high density will cause fierce competition among individual trees in light, water and nutrients, increase ineffective consumption, affect the growth of trees, and make the ratio of height to diameter of trees on the high side, which is not only not convenient for bark harvesting operations. and affect the quality of bark, density is too dark and humid in the forest, will lead to the occurrence of various diseases.

The high-yield Eucommia ulmoides forest for peeling belongs to Arbor management, and the management density directly depends on the crown diameter of Eucommia ulmoides under the site condition. Under the condition of medium site, the crown diameter of adult Eucommia ulmoides trees is generally about 4m, so the tree spacing of high-yield forest should be about 4m, and the row spacing should be slightly larger, which can be 4.5m. According to the plant and row spacing of 4 × 4.5m, 540m 600 plants can be planted per hectare. The determination of density should also take into account the site conditions where the high-yield forest is located. If the site condition is good, the tree grows fast, the canopy closes early, the crown width is large, the density should be smaller, it can be 4.5 × 5m; if the site condition is poor, the tree growth is slow, the canopy closure is late, and the crown width is small, the density can be increased, and the plant-row spacing can be reduced to 3.5 × 4.0m. If the single row planting is carried out in the terraced fields in the mountain area, the plant spacing should be reduced to 3m because of the poor site conditions. Before the trees in the high-yield forest are closed, honeysuckle or other low-stem traditional Chinese medicine and low-stem crops can be intercropped under the trees, but it should be noted that the intercropping crops must be planted 1m away from the seedlings or young trees.

2. Planting season

Eucommia ulmoides should be planted sooner rather than later for afforestation in late autumn or spring, and be sure to finish planting before germination or defoliation.

3. Phosphate fertilizer mud dipped in the root

4kg superphosphate, 2gABT rooting powder and 30kg loess were put into 100kt rooting powder and stirred repeatedly, which was called phosphate fertilizer mud. Dipping the roots of seedlings with phosphate fertilizer mud before planting can promote the germination of new roots of seedlings, make the roots fit with the soil as soon as possible, restore the function of absorbing water and nutrients, and improve the drought resistance of seedlings after planting.

4. Planting

First, the organic fertilizer and the dug topsoil were evenly mixed. One person put the seedling into the center of the pit and righted it by hand, so that the position of the root neck of the seedling was roughly flat with the ground, so that the root system stretched out in the pit and did not nest the root. Another person will backfill the soil on the edge of the pit into the pit. When the officers and soldiers are backfilled to 2 / 3, they can gently lift the saplings by hand to avoid clutching roots. Then use the foot to fill the pit firmly, pour the root water in the pit, wait for the water to seep completely, completely backfill the remaining soil into the pit, and then use your feet. In autumn afforestation, we should also cultivate high soil around the seedlings to prevent frost damage.

5. Flat stubble after planting

Flat stubble is a very effective measure to promote height growth and upright growth of Eucommia ulmoides seedlings. After flat stubble, many sprouts often sprout below the cutting mouth. When the sprout grows to 10~15cm, one of the sprouts with exuberant growth and suitable location (there are no continuous sprouts around) should be selected in time, and all the rest should be removed. After that, remove the sprouting once every 10 days, and be careful not to damage the remaining trunk.