Efficient cultivation techniques of Ginkgo biloba in autumn

Ginkgo biloba, also known as ginkgo, Gongsun tree, is a gymnosperm, is only found in China's "living fossil" plants. It has strong adaptability, wide use, strong disease resistance and easy management. It is an excellent tree species with ecological, social and economic benefits for sustainable utilization. Planting ginkgo trees in autumn can effectively advance a long process of seedling growth by several months, especially for transplanting ginkgo seedlings, which can shorten the seedling stage by one year. The techniques of high efficiency cultivation in autumn are introduced as follows:

1. Selection and fertilization of nursery. Choose soil layer above 60 cm, PH value between 5.5-7.5, good drainage, more fertile loam or sandy loam. 9000 kg base fertilizer per 667 square meters, deep ploughing 40 cm, 5 kg phoxim and 13 kg ferrous sulfate per 667 square meters before sowing, leveling the ground, and finishing into a ridge of 1.0-1.2 meters wide and 10 meters long from east to west.

2. Timely planting. From early October to early November, it is more suitable for planting ginkgo trees. This is because: gingko tree is slow seedling long. Apart from its physiological characteristics, an important reason is that it is difficult to heal the damage suffered by its roots. At this time, the leaves have fallen, the sap no longer flows, the tree stops growing, and of course no longer consumes a lot of nutrients. The workload of the roots is greatly reduced. Under such circumstances, the injured roots will heal quickly after a period of recuperation, absorb and accumulate nutrients normally, and enter the second peak of development in the year, fully preparing for the germination and growth of the tree after the spring of the following year.

3. Planting grafted seedlings. Grafted seedlings only need 5-6 years after planting to enter the peak fruit stage. Grafted seedlings are characterized by a wedge-shaped callus interface at the grafting site; seedlings extend obliquely outward from the grafting site and form a certain angle with the ground; the branches are gray-black and the leaves are dark green. When self-cultivating grafted seedlings, 2-3-year-old rootstocks should be sown and cultivated on the spot. The rootstock seedlings should be at least 80 cm high and the rhizome should be about 1.5 cm thick. Grafting is carried out at a height of 20-50 cm from the ground of the rootstock. The grafting must be carried out directly by selecting 1-2-year-old healthy and full buds from the seed bearing tree.

4. selecting and planting strong seedlings. The height of 1-year-old seedlings should be more than 15 cm and the ground diameter should be more than 1.2 cm. The height of 3-year-old seedlings is 1.6-2.2 meters and the ground diameter is more than 3 cm. Make sure the roots are complete and there is no serious damage. Try to shorten the transportation and storage time of seedlings, with seedling, transportation and planting.

5. Planting roots. Ginkgo biloba is a fleshy root and the root system is more developed, so the root system must be stretched when planting, otherwise there will be a "nest root" phenomenon, affecting growth. The fertile soil filled in the holes should be dry. When the soil is solid, it should not be hardened to avoid adverse effects on the root system of Ginkgo biloba. Buried soil must be compacted layer by layer, so that gingko roots and soil closely combined, but only with foot, can not be tamped, in case of root injury. After planting, water should be poured thoroughly to make the soil in the hole closely combine with the roots of seedlings and fully absorb water. After watering, the ground naturally sinks, ensuring that the foundation is level with the ground or 1-2 cm higher.

6. Pollinating trees. Ginkgo biloba is a cross-pollinated plant with different male and female plants. It is mainly pollinated by wind force. Climate factors such as wind force, wind direction, low temperature, foggy day or precipitation often affect pollination and fertilization and reduce yield. Therefore, male plants must be allocated as pollinated trees according to 20: 1 during cultivation, and they should be planted evenly to facilitate pollination. If ginkgo pollination tree configuration is improper, or flowering rainy days, artificial pollination should be carried out in time to ensure yield.

7. Cover with plastic film. The most remarkable effect of timely mulching after planting is that it can delay the decrease of ground temperature, resist drought and keep moisture, raise temperature and prevent cold, and make young trees planted in autumn produce a large number of new roots before winter and spring germination. Usually after watering, the soil should be tilled and raked in time. Then make the periphery of ginkgo seedlings into shallow dish shape with low inside and high outside, and cover with plastic film of 1.2 meters square.

8. Pour frozen water. From the end of November to the beginning of December, the frozen water should be poured again in combination with burying soil for cold protection. It should not be too late. Due to late watering, the winter temperature is low and the ground temperature rises slowly, which is not conducive to the promotion of new roots of young trees, and is not conducive to safe overwintering, and is prone to freezing damage.

9. Smoke to drive away the cold. If there is a big freeze or cold current attack, you can set up a fire to smoke in a short time according to the size and wind direction of the ginkgo garden. Smoke can drive away the cold, warming 1-3℃ to play an anti-freezing effect.

X. Burying seedlings in soil. In order to make the seedlings safe winter, autumn planting, in the winter before the seedlings to cover the soil cold. The thickness of soil covering for 1-year seedlings should be 5 cm above the original soil mark, and 8-10 cm above the original soil mark for 3-year seedlings. After the soil thaws at the end of March and early April of the following spring, the seedlings are unearthed and straightened, and the tree tray is repaired. In order to prevent rabbits from nibbling bark and freezing damage, wheat straw, straw rope, or plastic film with a thickness of 0.008 cm can be cut into strips of 6 cm wide, and the seedlings will be tightly wrapped from bottom to top, generally in two layers.