Integrated control of diseases and insect pests of traditional Chinese medicine Chenxiang

Land selection and preparation of Chenxiang

Radix Aucklandiae has strong adaptability. It can be planted on gentle slopes and hills at an altitude of 800m to 1000m, red soil of pH4.5~6.5 or mountain yellow soil. The planting land should be ploughed deeply, digging holes according to the row spacing of 2m × 3m, and planting about 110 plants per mu. The size of the hole is 50cm × 50cm × 40cm, with 20kg base fertilizer applied in each hole and covered with soil to be planted.

Nursery land should be selected in a place with proper shade, with high air humidity, sitting on a gentle slope or flat land from west to east, turn over early and deep, and then adjust the 1m wide and high 20cm bed, you can also use nutrition bags to raise seedlings, but you must use large nutrition bags.

Reproduction

The main results are as follows: 1. Seed collection and seed treatment must be collected on the mother tree of more than 10-15 years old. Generally from June to August, when the fruit changes from turquoise to yellow and white, and the seeds are brown, the fruit branches are picked together. The harvested fruit branches should be placed in a ventilated place to dry in the shade and not in the sun. After 2-3 days, the fruit shell will crack and the seeds will come out on their own. It is best to sow and raise seedlings in time. Otherwise, to store properly, generally use sand storage, mix 1 part of seed with 3 parts of wet sand and store in a ventilated and low wet place, but not more than 7 days.

2. Sowing seedlings and sowing seeds should be sowed or sowed. On the seedbed, sow the seeds in a shallow trench according to the row spacing 15~20cm, or spread the seeds evenly on the seedbed, and then gently press the soil. Should be sparse sowing, shallow sowing, after sowing covered with thick 1cm burning soil or fine sand, with no seeds for the degree, the border surface is covered with grass, drenched with water to moisturize. If there is no natural shade, a shed should be built to maintain 50% to 60% transmittance. Sowing about 5kg per mu can cultivate 1.2 ~ 13000 strong seedlings.

When the seedlings grow 2-3 pairs of true leaves and the seedling height is 10cm, the seedlings are transferred to a nutrition bag on a rainy day or a sunny afternoon. The nutrient soil formula is topsoil plus a small amount of river sand, cow dung and calcium superphosphate.

Chenxiang scientific planting

The suitable planting time is the Beginning of Spring. When the temperature rises steadily, the seedlings should be transplanted and planted. As there are few lateral roots of seedlings and bare-root seedlings are planted, they should bring more persistent soil as much as possible when starting seedlings. Before planting, the lateral branches and leaves of the lower part of the seedling should be cut off, only the upper part of the leaf should be kept, and half of the leaf should be cut off; the overlong main and lateral roots should be trimmed and dipped in fresh cow dung yellow mud; those raised in nutrition bags should tear plastic bags. When planting, the seedlings should be straight, the roots should be stretched, the soil should be filled in layers, compacted, pressed, drenched with fixed root water, and finally the soil should be loosened by the coating. The survival rate can reach 95%.

Field management

Seedling management: the seeds of Aristolochia mandshurica germinated rapidly, and the unearthed seedlings were not resistant to drought. Water should be drenched once in the morning and evening after transplanting seedlings to keep the soil moist. If there is no natural shade, a shed should be built for shade. Weed is weeded once a month from May to August every year to prevent weeds from covering the seedlings. Prune the branches properly to promote the growth of the main trunk. After seedling height 15cm, dilute fecal and urine water was applied once every 2 months, and then the concentration was appropriately increased with the growth of seedlings. After raising seedlings for 1 to 1.5 years, the height of bag seedlings is 50~80cm, and the height of bare root seedlings is more than 1m.

Management after planting: watering in time according to weather conditions at the initial stage of planting. Weeding and loosening the soil every 1-2 months in the juvenile period, and covered with grass around the hole. Fertilize 2-3 times a year, and apply human and animal manure water or ammonium sulfate and urea to water in dry season. In the rainy season, the ditches were opened with organic fertilizer mixed with calcium superphosphate, and the adult trees were ditched with organic manure and green manure. In order to make the trunk straight and artificially inoculated with bacteria to bear incense, the lower side branches of the stem, weak and overdense branches must be removed. Those who lack seedlings should be replanted in time.

The routine management after adulthood includes:

1. Loosening soil and weeding: loosening soil and weeding twice a year after planting, before summer drought in May-June and in late autumn and early winter from August to September. The cleared weeds were covered around the rhizosphere and buried in the soil year by year to increase organic matter.

2. Fertilization: fertilizing at least once a year. Before spring shoots germinate from February to March, the application of human and animal feces and urine can promote shoot sprouting, germination and accelerate growth. Where there are conditions, the mature organic fertilizer should be applied from September to October, and the weeds should be buried, then ditch (hole) application should be carried out, and the amount of fertilizer should be increased with the increase of tree age.

3. Pruning: White wood incense is a tree species with incense in the trunk. In order to promote the growth of the trunk and facilitate the formation of incense, it must be pruned at the right time. Cut off the lower branches, disease and insect branches and overdense branches step by step.

Three-dimensional interplanting: the growing period of artificially planted white wood is long, and the gap is large during the young period. 3 years before planting, it can be used for grain, oil crops such as potatoes, beans and short-term medicinal materials such as money grass, andrographis paniculata, etc.; when the rows are more closed, it can be intercropped with more shade-tolerant traditional Chinese medicine such as Yizhi, cardamom, alpinia officinalis, etc., in order to make full use of natural resources, regulate the growth environment of white wood incense, and increase economic income. After intercropping, according to different intercropping objects, different cultivation and management techniques were adopted to make the white wood incense and intercropping grow well, and get more with one stone for the purpose of land cultivation, short cultivation and interplanting instead of tending.

Integrated control of diseases and insect pests of Chenxiang

Seedling wilt the disease occurs in the seedling bed and causes the seedlings to wilt and die. Old nursery bed, poor drainage, dense planting and easy to develop. Prevention and treatment methods: disinfect the seedling bed before ① planting, reasonable close planting; pull out the diseased plants in time at the initial stage of ② and drench the soil with 70% dimethazone 1000-1500 times and 50% carbendazim 800 times 2 times 3 times, with an interval of 7-10 days each time.

Anthracnose damage leaves, the initial brown dots, and then expand into a round, oval to irregular spots, some of the disease spots are wheel-shaped, serious leaves fall off. It is easy to occur when the rain is wet and the dew is heavy. Prevention and treatment: at the initial stage of the disease, 80% anthrax 600 times 700 times or 75% chlorothalonil 400 times 600 times 2 times 3 times, each time at an interval of 7 days.

Leaf curlers do harm between summer and autumn every year. The larvae roll up the leaves and eat the mesophyll, which weakens the photosynthesis and affects the normal growth. Prevention and control methods:

1. Artificial killing: timely cutting of rolled leaves when found, concentrated and deep burial to reduce insect pests.

2. Chemical control: 25% chlordimeform solution can be diluted 500 times before leaf rolling or egg incubation period, or 800~l000 solution of 80% dichlorvos EC can be sprayed once every 5 to 7 days for 2 consecutive 3 times. Longicorn beetle larvae eat xylem from the stem, branch or stem base, and die when the tree trunk is seriously damaged.

Prevention and cure method

1. Artificial killing of eggs and larvae

2. When a wormhole is found, use a syringe to inject 80% dichlorvos 800 × 1000 times, and then seal it with yellow mud. Beetles often harm young buds, tender shoots and flowers during shoots and flowering. Prevention and control method: kill or spray 80% dichlorvos 1000 times liquid to control.