Interplanting Carthamus tinctorius and improving soil and Water in Wetland with Coix

I. brief introduction

1. Significance of soil and water improvement in wetland.

With the modernization of our country, the rapid development of agricultural industrialization and industrialization and the reform of agricultural planting system. The problem of environmental pollution has become the bottleneck of social development, such as air pollution, soil pollution, water pollution, etc., the increase of carbon dioxide, sulfur oxide and other gases in the atmosphere and the relative decrease of oxygen, and the residue of heavy metals such as lead, tribute and cadmium in soil. pollution of harmful elements in fresh water. How to carry out scientific, reasonable, safe, effective and natural circulation governance, that is, to maintain economic development and ensure ecological balance, is the primary task that every Chinese should do, according to long-term plans, for the sake of the next generation, share worries for the country and benefit the people.

2. The effect of Carthamus tinctorius and Coix on cyclic soil and water improvement.

Carthamus tinctorius is an annual herb of Compositae with a height of 80mm and an erect stem. Sex like warm climate, more resistant to drought, and cold-resistant, strong adaptability. In Shandong and other Huang-Huai areas, it is sown in autumn and harvested in early summer. It is a semiannual xerophyte. Coix is contrary to safflower in growth habit. It not only likes wet soil, but also can endure living in water for a certain period of time. It is most afraid of drought and water shortage. Its exuberant growth period is in June after safflower harvest. Therefore, the growth time of safflower intercropping Coix is one morning and one night, which is suitable for the climate law of Shandong, drought and waterlogging in growth habits, which is completely consistent with the seasonal flood and drought in lake and beach wetlands, thus establishing an ecosystem for the treatment of constructed wetlands and creating a more reasonable and practical technical model of circular improvement for soil and water control in a large area of wetlands.

3. Considerable economic benefits.

Through the interplanting of Carthamus tinctorius and Coix, the environmental conditions in the soil and water of the wetland can be effectively improved. At the same time, the dry safflower and wet Coix absorb all the available elements in the soil, thus growing vigorously and healthily. So that the wetland soil gives play to the maximum output capacity, two harvests a year, and the economic benefit is remarkable. The benefits produced in a year are calculated according to the general output: 20kg of safflower commodities can be collected per mu, with a market price of 40 yuan / kg, totaling 800yuan; safflower seeds 100kg, with a market price of 2 yuan / kg, totaling 200yuan; Coix Coix 300kg, the market price is 4 yuan / kg, totaling 1200 yuan; a total annual income of 2200 yuan per mu.

Brief introduction and biological characteristics of Carthamus tinctorius and Coix

1. Carthamus tinctorius, an annual herb of Compositae, uses flowers for medicinal purposes, has the functions of promoting blood circulation and relieving menstruation, dispelling stasis and relieving pain. it is an important medicine for gynecology for the treatment of coronary heart disease, angina pectoris, dysmenorrhea and so on. Safflower seed has a high oil content of 20-30%, which is the main raw material of safflower oil for health care at present. At present, the varieties planted in Shandong are short-thorn safflower varieties with strong adaptability. because of their well-developed roots and being able to absorb water and nutrients from the deep soil to meet their own growth needs, they are more tolerant to poor ridges and drought, flowering in May and seed maturity in early June.

2. Coix is a wet or swamp annual Gramineae plant, which is not tolerant to drought. It can be divided into three varieties: early maturity, middle maturity and late maturity. Generally, early-maturing varieties should be planted in the northwest, while late-maturing varieties should be planted in the south of the Yangtze River. The medium-maturing varieties are the most suitable for the central region of Huang-Huai, such as Shandong. The above is divided according to its characteristics. Coix planted in Shandong Province is generally sown when the ground temperature is more than 20 ℃ in May, and the seedling stage is 40 days. Heading (jointing) 16 days, booting 8 days, filling period 60 days, the whole growth period is about 124 days, especially in the middle and later stages of growth, it can strongly tolerate salt damage and moisture brought by marshes. The requirements for water during the whole growth period can be summarized as follows: (1) moist seedlings for 40 days, (2) dry jointing for 15 days, (3) water booting for 8 days, (4) sufficient water heading and filling for 60 days (5) dry field harvest and processing. Therefore, Coix requires a lot of water in its life, at least keeping the soil moist is the key.

III. Specific operating procedures

1. Safflower sowing: from September to October in autumn, when the surface soil in the wetland is slightly dry and can be cultivated, 50kg per mu of organic fertilizer is applied as base fertilizer, and after ploughing and raking evenly (if the soil is wetter, can not be ploughed) to sow safflower in wide and narrow rows, with a wide row spacing of 50 cm, a narrow row spacing of 30 cm, and seeds of 3 kg per mu. There is basically no need for management during the growth period, but chemical control techniques are used before and after waking. To control its growth height, or to prevent lodging in the later stage.

2. Interplanting Coix: when there are buds in safflower from early April to early May, the mid-mature Coix varieties with thin shell and high rice yield are selected. In order to prevent the harm of smut to the large area of Coix, it must be treated before sowing. The treatment method is to select sunny days to dry seeds for 1-2 days, then soak them in water for 24 hours, remove and drain water, and mix seeds with 0.4% strychnine. After seed treatment, a row of Coix can be sown in the wide row of safflower, with 5 kg of seeds per mu. From mid-late May to early June, after the safflower and seeds were harvested, it entered the annual mildew season, and the water level in the tidal flat wetland rose, which provided favorable conditions for the growth of wet or aquatic Coix, which basically did not need to be managed. It will be harvested from September to October.

Fourth, the comprehensive social benefits of the interplanting model

Because the tidal flat wetland has to go through the flooding period and drying period every year, and has obvious seasonality. According to scientific research and analysis, during flooding, the denitrification of wetlands is much stronger than that of dryland, so the content of nitrogen is less, while the content of available phosphorus increases, because after soil flooding, PH increases, which can promote the hydrolysis of iron phosphate and aluminum phosphate, transform closed storage phosphorus into non-closed storage state, and the availability of phosphorus is improved. Therefore, in the case of flooding and falling dry alternately, the content of available phosphorus increased during flooding. The contents of other trace elements such as boron and iron decreased during the flooding period, while the contents of manganese and copper increased. According to the above analysis of soil nutrients in wetlands, combined with the growth habits of Carthamus tinctorius and Coix, the environmental conditions of dry wetlands are the whole growth period of Carthamus tinctorius, and the season of easy flooding is the exuberant growth period of Coix. Carthamus tinctorius and Coix are deep-rooted crops, whose huge roots can reach 50 cm deep into the soil, and most of them are distributed within 30 cm of the topsoil around the plant. Therefore, the dry wetlands absorb excess elements such as nitrogen and phosphorus accumulated in the soil due to the flooding period last year through safflower roots to meet their own growth needs. At the same time, through the absorption and utilization of organic or inorganic matter in the soil, the pollution of heavy metals formed by these excess elements to the soil is reduced, and the soil is improved, so that the soil of the wetland will not be caused by Rain Water or the rising water level. cause secondary pollution to the water quality and ensure the purity of the water quality. After June, the safflower has been harvested, and Coix has entered the vigorous growth period, which is also the key period when the water quality is most easily polluted, during which all kinds of aquatic organisms multiply in large numbers. If the content of organic matter in water can be reduced, the growth and reproduction of all kinds of aquatic organisms can be effectively inhibited. During this period, the general year is also the period with the highest rainfall, and the wetland may accumulate water and turn into a shallow beach in a short time, and this period is also the peak period of water demand for Coix. As long as there is no long-term accumulation of water, Coix will grow vigorously, and the soluble organic matter in the water body will be decomposed and removed through the biofilm adsorption, harvest and biological metabolism of Coix root system, and can effectively remove cyanide, phosphorus and other harmful substances. To purify the water quality and reduce the pollution of the water body.