"Six Choices" for High-yielding Cultivation of Pinellia ternata

I. strict selection of geology

The tuber of Pinellia ternata growing in the soil has strict requirements for geology, it is afraid of both acid and alkali, sand and stickiness, requires fertile soil and limits the use of chemical fertilizer, likes soil moisture in the early stage and dry soil in the later stage. According to the four contradictory characteristics of the soil caused by the growth of Pinellia ternata, the land planted with Pinellia ternata should choose sandy loam with moist and fertile soil, strong water and fertility conservation, loose texture, good drainage and irrigation and neutral reaction. it can also be planted in semi-shady and semi-sunny hilly areas and forests and orchards with certain light conditions. Geology should be consistent with: the PH value is between 6.57.5, non-sand non-stick, the content of organic matter should be more than 1.2.

Second, choose the topography flexibly

The choice of topography is often the most easily ignored problem for Pinellia ternata growers, which is generally considered to be unimportant. in fact, for Pinellia ternata planting, the reasonable choice of topography is directly related to the high quality and high yield of Pinellia ternata. The topography of Pinellia ternata planting land should be achieved: in low mountains and mountains, gentle slopes of half shade and half sun should be selected, and the best slope is between 10 and 30; when planting Pinellia ternata in plain areas, it is necessary to choose plots that can be irrigated and the terrain is high. Be sure to make a good drainage ditch before planting. In addition, the surrounding environment should be investigated on the spot, there is no pollution source within 1000 meters, more than 100m away from the main road, the irrigation water used should meet the national farmland irrigation water standards. The correct and reasonable selection of topography is the basis of high yield of Pinellia ternata, and we must not be careless.

Third, correct selection of improved varieties

As the artificial cultivation of Pinellia ternata began in the mid-1980s for a short time, coupled with the influence of the characteristics, price and other factors of Pinellia ternata, there are no good varieties that have been formally approved by the state so far. According to the field practice observation of Runkang Institute of traditional Chinese Medicine in Heze City, Shandong Province, which has been engaged in planting Pinellia ternata for more than 20 years, the leaf type of Pinellia ternata can be divided into bamboo leaf type, bamboo leaf type, willow leaf type, peach leaf type (named narrow clover), apricot leaf type, palm leaf type and so on. Wild Pinellia ternata varieties are widely distributed in bamboo leaf type and apricot leaf type, which are found in the main wild producing areas of Pinellia ternata in China. Similar bamboo leaf type and palm leaf type are distributed in some areas of Guizhou, Yunnan, Sichuan, Hunan, Jiangxi and other provinces and the Yangtze River basin. Narrow clover Pinellia ternata is the main origin of peach leaf Pinellia ternata in Heze, Shandong Province. Now it has been introduced and extended to some areas of Shanxi, Henan, Gansu, Shaanxi, Hebei, Anhui, Jiangsu, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan and other provinces. Compared and screened from the different leaf types of the above Pinellia ternata, the narrow clover Pinellia ternata from Heze, Shandong Province and Fengxian County, Jiangsu Province has the highest yield, better quality, vigorous growth, more tillers, large and thick leaves, strong photosynthesis and resistance, high resistance to rot and high temperature wilt. The bulblets are formed early and more, and the commercial individuals are large and round, which can be used as a good variety of Pinellia ternata, and it is the best strain of artificial Pinellia ternata at present.

4. careful selection of medicament to soak seeds

The diseases and insect pests of artificially cultivated Pinellia ternata are mainly prevented and supplemented by treatment. once a large area of diseases and insect pests occur in the growing period, it is very troublesome to treat them, which not only affects the growth of Pinellia ternata, but also easily produces pesticide residues, but also increases the planting cost. therefore, it is very important to treat the stem before sowing. However, in the medicament selection, dosage and method of soaking and mixing the seed stem, the sterilization and seed dressing agents with high efficiency, low toxicity and low residue should be correctly selected; the dosage and treatment methods should be scientific, reasonable and appropriate, and must not be used indiscriminately or indiscriminately, so as not to have the opposite effect and cause unnecessary losses.

5. Choose the time to plant

Pinellia ternata can grow in most provinces and regions of China. Guangdong in the south, Jilin in the north, Xining in the west and Shandong in the east. In order to maximize the growth time of Pinellia ternata and improve the yield and quality, the best sowing time should be selected according to different areas. The southern provinces with short frost and frost periods can be cultivated in late autumn or winter; the optimum planting time in Huang-Huai region is from late February to early March (from Rain Water to sting); and the planting time in some areas of northwest and northeast can be postponed appropriately. In short, the most suitable planting time for each province of Pinellia ternata, according to the local actual measurement, the ground temperature of 5 cm is stable at 5-7 degrees, which is the best sowing time. Sowing as early as possible and taking effective measures can make the petiole of Pinellia ternata grow horizontally and grow bulbs in the soil, form large globules in the soil, quickly take root and sprout, form a new plant, and increase the propagation coefficient, which is one of the important technical measures for high-yield cultivation of Pinellia ternata.

6. Select planting methods

Open a horizontal trench to sow on the surface of the prepared sowing border. When the graded large and small seed stems were sown separately, the row spacing of the first class seed was thinner (30X7) and the sowing depth was 7-9 (7-9). In turn, the fourth-grade seed stem row spacing was thicker (15X2) and the planting was shallow (3-4). After sowing, a layer of mixed fertilizer soil is applied above, which is evenly mixed with rotten compost and stable manure plus human and animal fertilizer, grass soil ash, etc., and finally the soil cover can be less lower than the ground (you can also use realistic new technology half-machine sowing, completed at one time, which can improve the efficiency by 80%). As there are many weeds during the growth period of Pinellia ternata, especially in the seedling stage, only weeds can not be seen. Therefore, after the sowing of Pinellia ternata is completed, the special herbicide of Pinellia ternata is sprayed immediately and covered with plastic film immediately, which can effectively control the harm of weeds, especially 100% of Gramineae weeds. To be sprayed with herbicide should be immediately covered with plastic film, the film can be ordinary agricultural plastic film (thick 0.014mm), can also use high-density plastic film (0.008mm). The width of plastic film depends on the width of the bed. Cover the film in a group of three, first open a deep ditch about 8cm from the outside of the two ridges of the border, with the same depth, one person stretches the film, and the two people tighten the plastic film on both sides at the same time. After leveling, the edge of the film is pressed in the ditch with soil to make the film flat and close to the ridge of the border and compacted with soil.