Cultivation technique of Salvia miltiorrhiza-- four steps

I. selection of land and land preparation

The main results are as follows: (1) Geology and topography: it is appropriate to choose sandy loam land with deep soil layer, loose and fertile soil, high topography and good drainage. Flat land should be used as a drain; mountains and mountains should choose sunny low slopes, the slope should not be too large, 10 Mel 30 degrees is better. The content of soil organic matter should be more than 8. The PH value is between 6.5 and 7.5.

(2) soil preparation and fertilization: the root of Salvia miltiorrhiza is deep, and the soil is more than 33 cm. Therefore, after the previous harvest, turn the soil more than 35cm deep, combined with soil preparation, apply rotten stable manure or compost 2500-3000kg per mu, add calcium superphosphate 50kg, turn into the soil as base fertilizer. Before planting, ploughing again, fine rake flat, into a 1.3-meter-wide high border, surrounded by a deep drainage ditch to facilitate drainage.

2. Cultivation methods

The main results are as follows: (1) Seedling selection and cultivation: the survival rate of Salvia miltiorrhiza seedlings is higher, and it is easy to achieve full, prosperous and strong seedlings, and the yield is high and stable. Spring planting takes place from April to May and autumn planting takes place in late October. It should be early rather than late, transplant early, take root early, and return green early the next year. When planting, the hole was dug on the border surface according to the row spacing of 33 × 23 cm, and the hole depended on the root length. After applying appropriate amount of manure as base fertilizer at the bottom of the hole and mixing it evenly with the hole soil, two seedlings were planted in each hole. The planting depth was based on the original natural growth depth of the seedling, the heart bud was slightly exposed, and the fixed root water was poured through after planting. Large area planting, can also be half-machine commandment operation, both machine warning ditch, artificial scattered seedlings, machine warning cover soil and suppression.

(2) Root cultivation: the root segments of Salvia miltiorrhiza which are propagated by seeds for one year, robust and disease-free are separated in size and thickness and cut into 5 cm long segments respectively. Make the whole land into a high ridge with a width of 80 cm, dig holes with a row spacing of 25 cm × 30 cm by 30 cm, dig holes with a depth of 4 cm and 5 cm, soak the truncated root segments in rooting powder solution for 30 minutes, plant them while picking them up, and plant them vertically or obliquely at the same time, do not invert planting, cover the soil with 4ml 5 cm after planting, then compact the surrounding soil and keep the soil moist, and seedlings can emerge in about 15 days. Large area planting, can be half-machine commandment operation, both machine warning to open ditches, artificial scattered roots, machine warning to cover the soil and suppress.

III. Field management

(1) loosening soil and weeding: Salvia miltiorrhiza grows slowly in the early stage, so it is necessary to loosen the soil and weed in time. Generally, before the ridge is sealed, it is combined with topdressing for 2 times, and the weeds should be removed in time after the ridge is sealed.

(2) topdressing in time: 50 kg of ammonium sulfate can be applied per mu in mid-June. Spread a shallow trench on the side of the plant, and then cover the soil.

(3) Prevention and control of diseases and insect pests: the main diseases and insect pests of Salvia miltiorrhiza are root rot and ground tiger. After the onset of root rot, the roots blackened and rotted, the aboveground stems and leaves withered and died, and the disease was easy to occur in the rainy and high temperature season from June to August. Prevention and control can be timely drainage, avoid continuous cropping, can be irrigated with 1000 times of carbendazim. The ground tiger harms young seedlings. 3% malathion powder can be mixed with poisonous soil at 1:10 and sprinkled between rows to be poisoned.

IV. Harvesting and processing

(1) harvest time: planted in spring from late autumn to frost, and in autumn in October-early November of the second year after planting, the local upper stems and leaves can be dug when they wither. When harvesting, dig up the soil around the roots first, and then go smoothly, dig up all the roots, pay attention, try not to keep the roots intact. If cultivated in a large area, it can be harvested with caution.

(2) processing method: after digging up the root strip, do not wash it with water. After depilating, trimming and cutting off the fine tail, spread it in a dry and ventilated place, dry it to 5: 60%, pile up and sweat for 2 or 3 days, then dry it to the whole, and then sell it.