End of planting technology of traditional Chinese medicine chrysanthemum

Plant characteristics:

The plant height is 50cm to 150cm. Stem erect, many branched. Chrysanthemum likes warmth, cold tolerance and strong adaptability, so it can be cultivated in open field in most provinces in the south of the Yellow River basin. When the temperature was stable above 10 ℃, the buds could bear the low temperature of-5 degrees, the persistent roots could withstand the low temperatures of-17 degrees to-16 degrees, and the freezing injury occurred when the temperature was lower than-25 ℃. It can blossom early in a short day. Under the condition of sufficient sunshine and good nutrition, the plant develops healthily and blossoms more.

Land selection and preparation:

The requirement of soil is not strict, and it is better to use sandy loam with loose fertility and good drainage. The disease of continuous cropping is more serious, and it is often rotated with other crops in production. Previous crops such as wheat and broad bean are better, and they can also be intercropped or intercropped with mulberry and tobacco.

After the previous harvest, the soil should be ploughed once at a depth of 20-25 cm, combined with ploughing, applying base fertilizer, and applying 30 kg compound fertilizer per mu. In areas with favorable conditions, hoe again before cultivation, break the soil, flatten and rake fine. High beds should be made for cultivation in the south and flat beds in the north. The width of the border is 1.2 to 1.5 meters, the distance between the borders is about 30 cm, and the depth of the ditch is 20 cm.

Planting method:

Ramet propagation is generally used in production. The cuttings were directly transplanted to the field in the middle of April-May, and the cuttings were transplanted in mid-May to mid-June. Transplanting should be carried out on cloudy days or when the soil was moist after rain. The row spacing was 40 cm by 50 cm, 1-2 trees per hole, and the transplanting depth was 5-6 cm. All the roots should be planted in the soil, not too deep. When taking seedlings, we should try not to hurt the leaves and roots, maintain the integrity of the seedlings, pay attention to the grading of large and small seedlings, block transplanting, and watering in time after planting. Plant 3500-4000 plants per mu.

Field management:

The main results are as follows: (1) the herbicidal chrysanthemum is a shallow root plant, and the middle tillage should not be too deep. It is generally ploughed 2-3 times, the first time is about 10 days after transplantation, the second time is in late July, and the third time is in early September. In addition, after each heavy rain, in order to prevent soil consolidation, one shallow ploughing can be carried out appropriately.

(2) timely topping chrysanthemum is an important measure to increase production. It can restrain the overgrowth of the plant, make the main stem thick, reduce lodging, increase branches and increase flower yield. During the growth period, it should be done on a sunny day for a total of 3 times. In the first week before the chrysanthemum seedling transplanting, the height of the seedling was about 25 cm, and the shoot height was 7 cm. The second time was in the early and middle of June, when the plant pulled out 3 or 4 new branches about 30 cm in length, the tip of the branch was removed, and the third time was in early July.

(3) the root system of topdressing chrysanthemum is well developed and needs a large amount of fertilizer, and the producing area is generally topdressing for three times. For transplanting, 20 kg of urea was applied per mu; during the second topping, 20 kg of urea was applied combined with soil cultivation; when the third topdressing was formed, 30 kg of urea was applied per mother to increase the flower bud and improve the yield and quality.

Pest control:

Mosaic virus plant leaves mosaic, small branches, small flowers, damage for a long time, aphids as the transmission vector. Control methods: select disease-free land to keep seeds; avoid continuous cropping, not rotation or adjacent cropping with plants prone to Fusarium wilt and spot blight; strengthen field management to make the field ventilated and transparent, reduce field humidity, plant disease or 50% methyl topiramate wettable powder 1000 times 1 200 times, 65% generation zinc wettable powder 500 times solution, spray every 7 days 10 days, spray 3 times 4 times; remove the diseased plants in time and bury them deeply.

Harvest and processing:

It is usually collected from Frosts Descent to the Beginning of Winter. The suitable period is to spread the flower heart for 2 / 3. Chrysanthemums should be harvested on a sunny day and processed in time after harvest to prevent decay and discoloration. The method is to cut off the plants, cut the flowers, whiten them with sulfur and dry them in the sun.