Summer sowing technique of Achyranthes bidentata stubble

First, choose a place to prepare for broadcast

When planting achyranthes bidentata after wheat harvest, the sandy loam with deep, sunny, highly dry, loose and fertile soil must be selected. The plots of saline-alkali land, heavy clayey land, waterlogged land and soil layer book may not be planted. After the wheat is harvested with a combine harvester, put the longer (more than 10 cm) and stacked wheat straw together and set aside. Then apply 3000 kg of mature farm manure, 30 kg of diammonium phosphate or 50 kg of compound fertilizer per mu, rotary ploughing the soil, so that the fertilizer and soil are evenly mixed and suppressed; according to the topography, a drainage ditch is opened every 2 meters.

2. Seed treatment

Before sowing, the seeds are selected by the wind, and the full seeds are selected and insolated for 2 days. The day before sowing, soak the full sunburned seeds in warm water of about 20 degrees for 12 hours. after taking out the water to dry, you can sow the seeds.

Third, sowing technology

After wheat or rape harvest, if it is a wheat field sown with wheat dregs, you can open a shallow ditch with a depth of about 1cm in a row in the wheat dregs after harvest, and sprinkle the seeds of Achyranthes bidentata seeds with fine sandy soil evenly into the ditches. It is appropriate to cover the soil so that the seeds can not be seen, and should not be too thick. If it is a sown wheat plot, the soil is ploughed and sown in a trench with a row spacing of 20m / 25cm. If planting in a large area, you can sow seeds with a professional seeder and adjust the seeder so that the sowing depth is 1ml 2cm, the row spacing is 20cm, and the seed plant spacing is about 2cm. The working procedures of trenching, sowing, soil covering and suppression can be completed at one time, which can greatly improve the efficiency. According to the planting experience of Runkang Institute of traditional Chinese Medicine in Heze City, Shandong Province in recent years, due to the higher density of Achyranthes bidentata sown in summer with wheat stubble, it is appropriate to sow 2 kilograms of seeds per mu. After sowing, spreading the spare wheat straw thinly and evenly on the ground surface can reduce the exposure of sunlight, maintain the surface soil moisture, and slow down the adverse effect of heavy rain before emergence after sowing, which is beneficial to the neat emergence of seedlings.

IV. Field management

1. Ploughing and loosening soil: under the condition of keeping soil moisture and soil surface unhardened, seedlings can emerge within 7 days after sowing. When the seedling height is 2mi 3cm, ploughing is carried out to loosen the soil, and at the same time, the overdense seedlings (pimple seedlings) are sparse and weeded.

2. Seedling setting: when the seedling height is about 4mi 5cm, the seedling spacing is 4cm; when the seedling height is 6cm 8cm, keep the plant spacing about 8cm; at the same time, pull out the field weeds.

3. Cutting off the lateral root: when the seedling grows for 7 days after the seedling is fixed, and when the seedling height is 12mur15cm, the lateral root in the topsoil is hoed in combination with ploughing and weeding, so as to facilitate the downward growth of the main root and improve the yield and quality.

4. Water management: keep the soil surface moist after sowing and before emergence, and spray water in time in case of drought; keep the topsoil dry and loose at the seedling stage, and the subsoil moist to grow downwards; from mid-late August to mid-late September, the main root basically does not grow underground, so it should increase the amount of irrigation to thicken the main root; from late September to harvest, control moisture, do not need watering, and pay attention to drainage.

5. Topping and promoting roots: in August, the overgrowing plants should be topped in time, leaving the plants with a height of 35ml and 40cm, and cutting the top with a sickle to promote the thickening of the main root, and then topped for 2 times in a row.

6. Disease and pest control

(1) White rust: at the initial stage of the disease, there are white nearly round to irregular blister spots on the back of the leaves of Achyranthes bidentata, that is, spore piles, which can cause the leaves of Achyranthes bidentata to wither and die at last. Prevention method: at the initial stage of the disease, 1000 times of 50% methyl topiramate wettable powder was sprayed every 10 days, continuously spraying 2 Mel 3 times.

(2) Leaf spot disease: in the early stage of leaf infection, many water-stained dark green round to polygonal spots were produced on the leaf surface, which gradually expanded, forming brown to dark brown polygonal spots between leaf veins; petiole appeared short black spots and slightly sunken at the initial stage of the disease. the petiole dried up and curled. Prevention and control methods: remove diseased leaves to reduce the source of disease bacteria; adopt high border cultivation, strictly prohibit flood irrigation and reduce water flow infection. 50% methyl topiramate wettable powder or ferrous sulfate 1000 times solution were sprayed for chemical control, once every 10 days for 3 consecutive times.

(3) Spodoptera litura: it is an omnivorous pest. If it is not controlled in time, the buds, leaves and buds are often eaten, causing the plant leaves to wilt. Prevention and control methods: according to the injured or insect dung, the larvae are generally located on the surface of leaves or at the top of buds, which are easy to find and inactive. This method is very effective when there is sufficient labor. Chemical control can be cured by spraying 90% trichlorfon 800 Rue 1000 times solution or 50% phoxim 1000 times spray every 5 days, 3 times.

V. Harvest and processing

Achyranthes bidentata, which is sown in summer with wheat stubble, can be harvested when the ground turns yellow before the soil freezes in late autumn. Before harvest, first use a sickle to cut off the withered stalks on the ground as close to the ground as possible, then use a rake to hold the withered stems and leaves on the ground to one side, and begin to harvest. Pay attention to not cutting off as much as possible when digging. With a large planting area, you can plough and harvest row by row with an iron plough, turn out each row with an iron fork, carefully check out the root section, and strive to keep the root strip intact; in recent years, harvester with special harvesting rhizome has been produced, and harvester can be purchased or leased if possible. After harvest, the root strips of Achyranthes bidentata should be cut off, remove the soil and impurities, dry or dry, and prevent freezing or rain and snow from getting wet, so as not to turn purple and black and affect the quality of the roots; the dried roots are tied into small handfuls and can be sold.