Introduction to the main points of field management of patchouli

This paper introduces the key points of field management of patchouli, including loosening and cultivating soil, irrigation and drainage, fertilization, shading, frost prevention and topping. Do the following six links well in order to ensure the high yield of patchouli.

1. Loosen and cultivate the soil

In the process of growth, patchouli should often loosen and cultivate the soil, which can not only loosen the soil and facilitate air circulation, but also make the plant tall, expand the nutrient absorption area and increase the yield. During spring and summer, the rainfall is abundant and the soil is easy to harden. At this time, it should be combined with weeding and often loosen the soil. At the same time, in order to accelerate the decay of organic fertilizer and protect plant growth, the mud in the ditch is often dug up and cultured around the base of the plant, which can promote the plant to be more branched. After the beginning of autumn is the peak growth period of patchouli, at this time the wind often attacks, the plant is easy to lodge, in order to prevent the plant from being blown down by the wind, we should cultivate the soil once, so that the new root is deeply rooted in the soil, and the plant is strong and stable.

2. Irrigation and drainage

The amount of soil moisture directly affects the growth and development of patchouli. When soil moisture is insufficient, patchouli is easy to wilt, light will reduce yield, heavy will die; too much water will cause excessive growth of stems and leaves, and even diseases and insect pests; if waterlogging is formed, roots will be suffocated due to lack of oxygen, resulting in poisoning and death. Therefore, in the process of patchouli cultivation, attention should be paid to timely and appropriate irrigation and drainage according to the water needs of patchouli plants and soil water condition. In general, it is watered once every morning and evening, but the specific number of watering and the amount of water must depend on the climate of the producing area and the degree of water retention of the soil. In the process of growth, if the border is white in case of drought, it is necessary to divert water for irrigation. Once every 5 to 8 days, water is introduced into the furrow, reaching the height of the border to 1 inch, 2 to 2, and 3 degrees, allowing the water to slowly seep into the wet border. If there is no water diversion irrigation condition, in addition to water in the morning and evening, water should be increased once in the morning and afternoon, and water should be drenched thoroughly. Pay attention to drainage during the rainy season or in case of heavy rain. Therefore, planting patchouli and building high border and deep ditches in rice fields is to prevent Rain Water from accumulating too much and affect the normal growth of patchouli. Guangzhou Shipai paddy field has a good experience in planting patchouli. The row ditch is filled with water about 20 cm deep. In addition to the soil capillary function and keeping moist, water can also be sprayed on the stems and leaves at any time when the temperature is high, the sun is fierce and the evaporation is large. This method can not only accelerate the plant water absorption to supplement the large amount of water consumption, but also reduce the local atmospheric temperature of the planting area and increase the air relative humidity. It is very beneficial to the growth of patchouli.

3. Fertilization

Patchouli is a crop with short cycle and high yield, and it also needs a large amount of fertilizer. So usually in the case of sufficient base fertilizer, reasonable topdressing is needed in order to obtain high yield. The medicinal part of patchouli is the aboveground part of the whole grass, so nitrogen fertilizer and compound fertilizer should be applied mainly in the whole growing period. Three times of fertilizer and one time of bran water were generally applied during the whole growth cycle. The interval of fertilization depends on the length of the growing period in the producing area. In the suburbs of Guangzhou, fertilization is applied every 60 days or so. The first fertilization was carried out after cuttage or planting took root and survived. The concentration of fertilizer should be light, and the concentration of human and animal feces and urine should be 1: 10: 1: 20. More water and fertilizer should be applied in dry season, and pig and cattle manure can also be applied. After that, fertilization can be carried out according to 3000 kg of bio-organic fertilizer per mu. However, when applying fertilizer, it should be considered that the content of organic matter in bio-organic fertilizer is high, the content of available nutrients is low, and the release of fertilizer effect is slow, so it is sometimes necessary to apply part of urea or compound fertilizer with high nitrogen content (such as Norwegian compound fertilizer, N:P:K=15:15:15), especially in the green stage and strong seedling stage after planting. After planting, nitrogen fertilizer should be applied thinly, urea 3.5kg per mu, diluted 1000 times, or 25 kg of mature soybean bran per mu, soaked in boiling water 6-7 times and then sprayed. After that, 10 kg of compound fertilizer per mu was applied every other month, and it was applied continuously for 3 times. Fertilization should grasp the principle of first light and then thick, thin application.

4. Shading

Patchouli should be covered with a sunshade net on the bed at both the seedling stage and the early planting stage, and the sunshade net with a shade degree of 50% can be selected to build a shed. The height of the shade shed is convenient for manual management.

In order to make full use of soil fertility, space and light energy, drug farmers can interplant long-stalk crops to achieve the purpose of shading. It is best to interplant vegetables between the rows of patchouli plants, such as melons, ginger, cabbage, etc., through interplanting, on the one hand, it can increase fertilizer, on the other hand, it can also inhibit the growth of weeds. In addition, lianas such as towel gourd, wax gourd and balsam pear can be planted between the rows of patchouli plants, and the melon shed can be used to shade the seedlings of patchouli, which is very beneficial to the growth of patchouli.

5. Frost prevention

Patchouli, which needs to spend the winter, especially the young plants planted in summer and autumn, have poor cold resistance, so in frost areas, grass or shelter should be covered at the beginning of winter, or covered with plastic film to keep warm and prevent frost damage in the north wind. It is best to put manure into pig and cattle pen at the end of autumn, add ash, and burn mud to keep warm.

6. Topping

Topping is an yield-increasing measure to make use of the correlation of plant growth to regulate and redistribute nutrients in plants and promote the growth and development of medicinal parts. According to the growth of patchouli plant, the terminal bud should be picked properly to promote its multi-branching growth, which can also ensure the sturdy growth of existing branches and leaves, so as to obtain medicinal materials with high yield and high quality.

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