Cultivation techniques of Eucommia ulmoides

This paper introduces the cultivation techniques of Eucommia ulmoides, including land selection and preparation, planting methods and field management.

I. selection of land and land preparation

Select the sunny sloping land where the soil is deep, loose and fertile, acidic to alkaline and well drained, turn the soil deeply, rake flat, dig holes according to the row spacing of 2murl 2.5 meters × 3 meters, depth 30 cm, 80 cm square, and apply 2.5 kg of soil fertilizer, 0.2 kg of cake fertilizer, 0.2 kg of bone powder or calcium superphosphate and fire soil ash, etc., and mix evenly with the hole soil. The seedbed is finely raked and flattened to form a wide bed of 1.2 meters.

II. Planting methods

It can be propagated by seeds, cuttings, striping and grafting. Seed reproduction is the main method in production.

The main results are as follows: (1) it is suitable for seed propagation to sow fresh, full and yellow-brown glossy seeds when the monthly average temperature is more than 10 ℃ in November-December in winter or February-March in spring. Generally, it is suitable to sow in winter in warm areas and in autumn or spring in cold areas, so as to meet the low temperature conditions needed for seed pre-emergence. Seeds should not be dry, so it is appropriate to sow seeds while they are fresh. If spring sowing is needed, the seeds should be stratified after seed collection, and the ratio of seeds to wet sand is 1:10. Or before sowing, soak the seeds in 20 ℃ warm water for 2 or 3 days, change the water twice a day, take out the seeds after expansion, dry them slightly and sow them, which can increase the germination rate. Strip sowing, row spacing 20-25 cm, seed consumption 8-10 kg per mu, cover grass after sowing to keep the soil moist to facilitate seed germination. After the seedlings are unearthed, remove the cover grass on a cloudy day. It can produce 30,000 ~ 40,000 seedlings per mu.

(2) at the turn of spring and summer, cut the annual twigs, cut the cuttings of 5 cm to 6 cm and insert them into the seedbed with a depth of 2 cm to 3 cm. At the soil temperature of 21 ℃ and 25 cm, the cuttings could take root after 15 days. If the cuttings were treated with 50mg/kg naphthalene acetic acid for 24 hours, the survival rate of cuttings could reach more than 80%.

(3) when the root is propagated in the nursery, the root of the seedling is trimmed, the root with a diameter of 2cm is taken and cut into a root segment with a length of 10cm and 15cm, and the thick end is slightly exposed to the surface, and new shoots can germinate under the cross section, and the seedling rate can reach more than 95%.

(4) among the strong branches selected for striping propagation in spring, the depth is 15 cm, and the soil is compacted when the tillering rate is as high as 7-10 cm. After 15-30 days, new roots can occur at the base of sprouting. Dig in late autumn or the following spring, separate the sprouting tillers one by one and plant them.

(5) two-year-old seedlings were used as rootstocks for grafting propagation, and one-year-old branches from excellent female parent trees were selected as scions and cut on rootstocks in early spring, and the survival rate was more than 90%.

III. Field management

The main results are as follows: (1) after the emergence of seeds at seedling stage, pay attention to ploughing and weeding, watering and fertilization. Seedlings avoid the scorching sun, should be properly shaded, sprinkler irrigation should be timely to prevent drought in the dry season, and attention should be paid to waterlogging in the rainy season. Combined with ploughing, weeding and topdressing for 4 times, 1.5 kg of urea per mu or 3000 kg of mature dilute manure per mu. If the trunk of the seedling is bent, it can remove all the aboveground parts along the surface in early spring, promote the development of new branches, and leave a strong and straight new branch as the new trunk, and all the rest can be removed.

(2) when the height of 1-year-old 2-year-old seedlings is more than 1 meter, it can be planted after defoliation to before budding in the following spring. According to the row spacing of the above-mentioned plants, 1 plant per hole. The growth of young trees is slow, so it is appropriate to strengthen tending, and intertillage and weeding should be carried out every spring and summer, combined with fertilization. In autumn or the following spring, the basal branches should be removed in time, and the overdense branches should be cut off. Adult trees should also be fertilized as appropriate. In the northern region, fertilization was stopped in August to avoid overgrowth in the late stage and reduce the cold resistance.

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